War, media, journalism, propaganda, censorship, information manipulation, military communication, embedded journalism
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Abstract
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Abstract
This text explores the complex relationship between war, media, and journalism, highlighting the ways in which states manipulate information to shape public opinion and maintain control.
Extract
[...] The impossibility of a double media discourse in the sense that information becomes international, so we can no longer make believe several different versions. Over time, journalism undergoes evolutions, notably the professionalization of military communication, a more subtle form of censorship, journalism embedded in the armies does not have a step back on the information and often takes the point of view of the soldiers. When can we speak of propaganda? We can speak of propaganda from several things: when we prevent journalists from having a critical distance from the situation, when there is an obstacle on the ground. [...]
[...] Why is it a challenge for states to master war? States must control the images. One must not show the bodies to master public opinion. One must have an impact to not lose the people's trust, because if one no longer has the people's support, the economy collapses. It is necessary to avoid: - the demobilization of soldiers - loss of confidence of the population What are the evolutions in the relationship between journalism and war? Before, there were no images (neither photos nor cinema) but as soon as the image is relayed, the populations are very gullible and images are used as a weapon. [...]
[...] ? Still the case today as in Chechnya where journalists are banned from the field. - Destruction of the enemy press ? military objective. - States at war use information journalism to serve their own interests. Before the war, they serve to convince, during, they help to hide and after they contribute to justify the war, ban criticism and shape perceptions of victory. - Totalitarian regimes use images to ensure the promotion of their ideals and to condition the people. [...]
