Abstract
In 1858, John Ruskin (1819-1900) wrote influential essays that prompted architects to be inspired by the nature teachings. Two others figures were a decisive influence on the creation of this new modern style. They are the "Comte de Laborde" (1807-1869) and Eugene Emmanuel Violet-le-Duc (1814-1879). This last one recommended the utility of the industry by saying that the industry supplies the iron which allows lot of things which were impossible before. He advocated also the unity of the decoration in the building: architecture, paintings, furniture etc.
But this new style appeared really with William Morris in England and Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928) in Scotland. Morris created a workshop of artists with who he wrote a manifesto to say that their goal was to produce works of applied art relatively cheap. They want to produce useful objects with artistic values. Then a lot of links appeared between Great-Britain, Belgium and France during the "Decoration fairs".
