Indian education system, education history, National Education Policy 2020, Right to Education Act, globalization, education reforms, inclusive development, Gurukuls, colonial era, educational initiatives
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Abstract
This document examines the history and development of the Indian education system, its current challenges, and the impact of recent reforms on inclusive development and globalization.
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[...] How can the Indian education system evolve to adapt to the needs of globalization and the new skills required by the job market? - Introduction and plan The Indian Education System Introduction The Indian education system is characterized by a rich and complex history, influenced by various religious, colonial, and socio-political sources. For centuries, education in India has evolved through distinct phases, each embodying the values and ethics of its time. As noted by Lal and Yadav (2020): "Education has become a national organization of states and masses, not only in the resources it commands, but also in the people involved in it." In other words, the main message of the Indian system is democracy and general access. [...]
[...] These measures created a cooperative system based on Western models of science and literature, forcing India to form an Anglophone elite to serve the administrative needs of the Empire. However, for most of the Indian population, this educational structure was very inaccessible. Nemmiche (2016) argues that "The issue of illiteracy for a populous country like India is the main challenge from independence to the present day". The Indian government, after gaining independence in 1947, promoted education, socially structured it, and enacted laws to enable all children to benefit from it. [...]
[...] For example, the National Education Policy of 1968 streamlined primary education. These laws led to the Right to Education Act in 2009, which guaranteed education for children between 6 and 14 years old. However, the system should face a number of problems, such as regional disparities, inequalities between men and women, a poor support system and rote learning, and forcing students to think critically. More recently, the National Education Policy 2020 has sought to address these issues by promoting digital learning, skills and critical thinking, aligning Indian learning objectives with those of the rest of the world. [...]
