Dangers of Inductive Reasoning in Scientific Methodology

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[...] The reasoning that identifies the erroneous element is not deductive. It is always possible to save a hypothesis by adding an auxiliary hypothesis. What is posing a diagnosis? Inductive Reasoning: - Formation of a hypothesis without preconceived notions or ideas, informed only by observations - Recognition of a pattern between symptoms and cause these symptoms must also be associated with this cause - Confirmation by positive instance: usually, this disease also has the consequence of such observable consequence search for this observable consequence What are the possible dangers of such a method? [...]

[...] The deductive arguments: start from general demonstrated propositions to apply them to particular cases or to draw new consequences. Inductive reasoning is at the heart of the scientific method, as it allows us to move from singular statements to general propositions. - On January Mars was visible in the sky at such a position. - This stick, partially immersed in the water, appears curved. An inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is never valid: an inductive reasoning is amplificatory, that is to say, he is looking to go beyond the statements of observation to formulate a generalization. [...]

[...] What degree of probability to justify a decision by the practitioner? Inductive Reasoning: - Formation of a hypothesis based on anamnesis - Test of this hypothesis: targeted questions, clinical examination, possible more invasive tests to establish or refute the diagnosis. ? For example: Refutation of the eczema hypothesis, as my patient does not respond to the application of a steroid cream Raisonnement par abduction - Syllogism in which the major premise is true, the minor premise is simply probable, and as a result, the conclusion is probable. [...]

[...] Popper, 1959: Science can only be established on the basis of logically valid reasoning. Induction has no place in the scientific method. Is science then entirely deductive? Let H be a hypothesis and O an observable consequence. ? Let: - If then O - O - H ? so it - If H then O - is not O - Is not H The positive confirmation by instance is not a valid logical schema - it is another example of inductive reasoning. [...]

[...] Is science inductive or deductive? ? Inductivism is the philosophical position, born in the 17th century, which asserts that induction constitutes the core of scientific methodology, and that scientific knowledge can be entirely analyzed in terms of generalized observation data by induction and mathematical deduction. Example of inductive science: Newton asserts, in the third book of the Principia, to have derived the universal law of gravitation solely on the basis of the 4 rules of reasoning set forth in the preambles (parsimony, cause-effect, wild inductivism and fallibility) and Kepler's observations. [...]