and Social Impacts of Hosting Major Sports Events: A Comprehensive

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[...] Inter cultural exchanges can have lasting effects, creating international networks and promoting cooperation between different cultures. This can also strengthen diplomatic relations and peace initiatives, using sports as a means of exchange. Furthermore, certain countries that are sometimes cold, can rekindle ties at the occasion of sports meetings. Thus, the IOC became a permanent observer of the UN in 2009, which allows it, like other countries, to participate in exchanges. 2.3. Cultural shocks that can create problems Cultural shocks can occur during these major events. [...]

[...] In this context, it is interesting to ask: in what ways can sports events transform the societies that host them? This question is particularly relevant in the context of major international competitions such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup. In the first part, we will address the economic impacts of these major events. In the second part, we will treat the cultural impacts they can generate. Finally, in the third part, we will see the political impacts. 1. Economic Impacts Infrastructure Development Major sporting events often bring significant investments in infrastructure. [...]

[...] For example, the 1988 Seoul Olympics marked a turning point in relations between South Korea and the rest of the world, while the latter was still deeply marked by the Korean War that had made a lot of noise during the Cold War. 3.2. Events that initiate social upheavals Finally, sports events can be catalysts for reforms and social movements. They can draw attention to social and political issues and exert pressure on governments and institutions to take action. For example, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa highlighted the country's social and economic inequalities and encouraged initiatives to improve the living conditions of disadvantaged populations. [...]

[...] Consequently, although sports events offer significant economic opportunities in terms of short-term and long-term job creation, economic growth, and tourism promotion, it is essential to evaluate them carefully, taking into account both short-term benefits and long-term costs to ensure economically viable and sustainable management of these events before implementing them. 2. Cultural Transformation 2.1. Promotion of Local Culture The organization of major sports events allows for the spotlight to be shone on lesser-known countries to the general public. Thus, the Beijing Olympics in 2008 demonstrated that China could become a major sports nation. Furthermore, cameras from around the world were able to enter a country that was accustomed to tightly controlling its image to the international community. [...]

[...] In response, her Italian opponent decided to abandon, contesting the violence and power of these punches. Finally, during Euro 2016, incidents occurred with English and Russian hooligans that the French authorities had trouble managing due to a lack of experience6. Finally, the question of wearing the veil during sports competitions poses a real social debate in France at present. 3. Political Impacts 3.1. A Diplomatic Accelerator Finally, sports events can have significant political implications. They can facilitate the establishment or strengthening of diplomatic ties, but also be the source of political reforms. [...]