International Relations: States, Organizations, and NGOs

Extract

[...] Before September 11, we did not pay attention to this information and since then we have given it a bit more importance. The only guarantee we have against this is the safeguard of human rights - Second means: anti-terrorism financing policy. Terrorists need financing to move people, hide them, and arm them. The means used rely on trafficking or money laundering operations (funds transfer). Since 2003, the means of fighting international banditry and money laundering have been accelerated to fight terrorism = Swiss bank secrecy. [...]

[...] International Relations: The Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna October 1814 - 9 June 1815) will bring together the powers that defeated Napoleon. Initially to decide the fate of the territories regained from Napoleon, then will include France to determine the fate of Europe and think about international relations. The Principles of the European Concert Within the framework of the Congress of Vienna, the four great victors (England, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Prussia) over Napoleon meet to decide the fate of Europe and the rules of peace. [...]

[...] Paragraph International action of States The framework of intervention from the point of view of law is summarized in foreign policy. States have two types of action: internal policy and foreign policy set of active or passive behaviors of a State in the RI in order to maintain or extend its influence outside its territory), through foreign policy States will seek to have effects on other States or on a larger territory than theirs. Conditions for determining foreign policy: the example of France Three actors intervene in France: head of state, government, and parliament. [...]

[...] The application of the Westphalian system The Westphalian system will experience a state of permanent war, as there are indeed more than 48 interstate wars. There is a desire to conceptualize peace. The search for hegemony, domination of one power over others, will be translated into a battle for maritime hegemony and then land hegemony. The conceptualization of peace. This movement will start with an author who is Abbe Saint-Pierre, who will reflect on a project to make peace perpetual in Europe, which he will write in a work 'Project for Making Peace Perpetual in Europe'. [...]

[...] One delimits the borders of a state from its territory. We know that within the state, there is a principle of non-interference (the state decides alone and other states have no right to intervene). The question of integrating the population on this territory is raised. What to do with territories where there is very little population? When it is nomadic? When they are nomadic, a great difficulty arises: it will be necessary to sedentarize the population. Nomadism transforms the borders Example of Western Sahara: was colonized by the Spanish + French. [...]