What are the principal differences between positivists and constructivists concerning how we obtain "knowledge" in international relations?
Essay - 3 pages - International relations
In a research article entitled Paradigms and methodologies for Knowledge Building, researcher Josep Gallifa explains that there are different approaches to the search for "knowledge" in international relations. Through a literature review, the author demonstrates that two antagonistic approaches...
Antiquarianism and Intellectual Life in Europe and China - Peter N. Miller and François Louis (2012) - Comparing Chinese and European Practices
Text commentary - 2 pages - International relations
The paper analyzes the article "Antiquarianism and Intellectual Life in Europe and China", by Peter N. Miller, with the following questions: - How can the Chinese antiquarian movement be compared with European antiquarianism? - How does comparing the two enhance our understanding of the world...
Human rights and peace in the Middle East: between systemic violations and reconstruction efforts, how can we understand the entrenchment of violence in this region?
Case study - 6 pages - International relations
The Middle East lies on a?geographic and cultural bridge between Europe, Africa and Asia. From the Nakba (the catastrophe) to the Intifadas (the revolts), to cycles of violence in Gaza and pockets of the West Bank, this conflict is a human tragedy, with grave violations of core rights to water,...
Crisis In Global Governance - Zorawar Daulet Singh (2013) - What challenges must global governance face in the context of Western economic decline and the rise of the BRICS countries?
Text commentary - 2 pages - International relations
Zorawar Daulet Singh's article, Crisis in Global Governance, published in World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues (Autumn 2013), analyses the challenges facing global governance in the wake of Western economic decline and the rise of the BRICS nations. [...] This commentary will...
The Donbass, How Vladimir Putin, sower of instability, became surrounded by it
Case study - 9 pages - International relations
Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014 was motivated by a fear of NATO's expansion and Mr Putin's pursuit of the Eurasian Economic Union, as an imagined counterweight to the European Union. The conflict started following the ousting of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych. During his...
Economic Diplomacy in conflict resolution - The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Presentation - 7 pages - International relations
The EU is Azerbaijan's largest trading partner and foreign investor. Azerbaijan is an important source for the EU energy market. EU-Azerbaijan trade relations are based on a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement from 1999.
NATO and the European Union: less influence on members than on applicants in the case of Romanian Intelligence agencies
Case study - 10 pages - International relations
In 2014, during the presidential campaign, Romania's departing conservative president, Traian Basescu, declared that his principal rival, prime-minister Victor Ponta, was an undercover agent working for the foreign intelligence service. In a country where the specter of the brutal Communist...
How have different theories of international relations informed the divergent narratives on the causes of the war in Ukraine?
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
This essay argues that the divergent narratives on the war in Ukraine are deeply influenced by these different theoretical approaches. Through an examination of these theories, this essay seeks to demonstrate how they inform not only the understanding of the war's causes but also the...
The National Security Agency's Role in Counterterrorism
Essay - 3 pages - International relations
The NSA's counterterrorism operations go beyond surveillance to include information assurance. Modern communication technologies are linked and may threaten national security. Thus, the Agency aggressively protects key infrastructure and networks from criminal actors. Reveron & Savage (2020)...
The Border Crisis in Texas
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
The Texas border constitutes approximately half of the border between the United States and Mexico, extending from the Gulf of Mexico to El Paso. The border crisis, encapsulating security concerns and exacerbated-illegal immigration from Mexico is causing strenuous relationships between the...
U.S.-India Relations: An Evolving Foreign Policy Landscape
Case study - 5 pages - International relations
The United States and India have developed a complex and dynamic relationship that has significantly evolved over the past century, establishing itself as a central element of U.S. foreign policy in Asia. India's importance to the United States is greatly reflected in the National Security...
How Effective Have Peace Operations Become in Resolving Conflicts?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Peace operations have become one of the most paramount foreign policy instruments the international community relies on to establish lasting peace and stability worldwide. These multipurpose actions, taken by an organization composed of the United Nations (UN), have been changed significantly in...
Understanding the Russia-Georgia (2008) Using Realism and Liberalism
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
War, the sad reality of human history, frequently stems from a complex binding of geopolitical, economic, and ideological factors. The 2008 Russia-Georgia war confirms this fact. Territorial disputes, power struggles, and regional tensions characterize this confrontation. The situation in the war...
Examining The Impact of Wars And Geopolitical Crises On The Global Financial System In Recent Years
Dissertation - 7 pages - International relations
International financial systems comprising a vast network of international banks and regulators experience adverse impacts following massive global crises such as wars and civil wars. Economic history has shown that crisis is one of the most notable causes of financial market volatility,...
What impact do satellite constellations have on space security?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
The number of operating satellites increased from 1,400 in 2015 to 5,500 in 2022. Forecasts indicate that, at the conclusion of the current decade, the aggregate figure is projected to reach around 58,000. One major reason for this increase is the planned deployment of many satellite...
Are Politics or Principles Most Significant in Determining Transitional Justice Outcomes?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Transitional justice refers to the ways societies address the aftermath of large-scale human rights violations, aiming to promote reconciliation, accountability, and healing. While transitional justice mechanisms include truth commissions, trials, reparations, and institutional reforms, their...
Imagined Space Futures - The O'Neill Cylinder
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - International relations
The exercise is to write a visual and written analysis which investigates "imagined space futures" that inspire and drive so much activity in space. Select one visual image of your own choice; interrogate the assumptions, aspirations and/or anxieties embedded within it; and evaluate its influence...
Can (and should) corporations be held accountable for human rights abuses in conflict?
Essay - 3 pages - International relations
With increasing globalization, multinational corporations are gaining influence in conflict-affected regions. This expansion presents both economic opportunities and risks. While these companies can stimulate economic development and create jobs, their presence can also exacerbate tensions and...
What are the links between poverty and war? Are they unilateral or reciprocal?
Essay - 3 pages - International relations
War is a worldwide scourge that threatens humanity and devastates people's lives. It has serious social, economic and political consequences, and claims many victims, including the disabled, the wounded and orphans, without sparing their civilization. Poverty means not having enough money to...
CV and Motivation Letter for Master's Degree Application in International Security
Sample letter - 4 pages - International relations
This document contains a CV and Motivation Letter for a Master's Degree Application in International Security.
To what extent do the challenges of post-conflict reconstruction expose the limits of the "Liberal peace"?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
In their 2020 book War and Peace, Charles-Philippe David and Olivier Schmitt states that "The end of the conflict does not automatically mean the establishment of peace". In the present case, in the context of this study, this statement is all the more relevant when the expected peace is of a...
Why did the Arab Spring take place in 2011?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
The 'Arab Spring' describes the series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in 2011. Sparked by events in Tunisia and Egypt, mass public demonstrations erupted in countries including Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria and...
To what extent has Iran been a destabilising force in the Middle East since 1989?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Iran is a non-Arab Shiite Muslim country of nearly 80 million people, heir to a thousand years of Persian history, and a major regional and international player. Involved for several decades in supporting various armed groups, some of them terrorists, operating in the Middle East and other...
You cannot regulate your way down to 'Net-Zero' but you can invest to get there
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
The European Commission has published a new communication on Better Regulation in 2021, aiming to improve policy-making processes in the EU. This communication demonstrates that the Commission is on the right track by renewing and better regulating the agenda, mainstreaming the Sustainable...
What are the main obstacles to the EU being considered a major global actor?
Essay - 8 pages - International relations
"If I had to sum up the objective of this presidency in one sentence, I would say that we must move from a Europe of cooperation within our borders to a powerful Europe in the world, fully sovereign, free of its choices and master of its destiny." In a press conference on December 9, 2021, the...
Ukraine joining the European Union: myth or reality?
Essay - 1 pages - International relations
Ukraine is an Eastern European country located between Poland and Russia. However, it is not a member of the European Union, which is a unique partnership between 27 European countries, known as Member States, or EU countries. This country has shown interest in joining the EU since 1993, two...
Brexit's Impact
Summary - 1 pages - International relations
The skepticism of the European Union became increasingly widespread in the United Kingdom following the financial crisis of 2008. Since then, the euro zone economy has increased and the perception of the European Union has deteriorated due to an increase in regional immigration and a large influx...
The Iranian Nuclear Program since 1953
Essay - 5 pages - International relations
The nuclear program has been a particular concern of the international community since its inception in 1957. The latest claims by the Islamic regime on the actual production of uranium enrichment have rekindled tensions, especially with the United States and Israel. But what are the real...
U.S. Political Institutions and their Roles in the U.S. Foreign Policy
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
In 2017, Trump stated in the National Security Strategy of the United States of America that the US "seeks a Middle East that is not a haven or breeding ground for jihadist terrorists, not dominated by any power hostile to the United States, and that contributes to a stable global energy market."...
The Political Principle - Integration Before Federalism
Course material - 3 pages - International relations
The Chain of event method comes from a French expression created by Cohen Tanuggi, meaning "Méthode de l'engrenage." So, as Europe grows so does the pro-European feelings. The idea was that one-day people would think about a federal Europe as something quite obvious and naturally developed....
