Unconventional Gas Types and Shale Gas Overview

Extract

[...] A particular case: France First of all, it is necessary to know that in Europe, shale gas reserves are estimated to be between 3,000 to 12,000 billion m< sup >3 In the case of France, of potential gas reserves would amount to 3,900 billion m< sup >3 These estimates are approximate because no geological research has been authorized to quantify unconventional gas resources by the government so far. In fact, the hydraulic fracturing technique described earlier, very controversial in France due to its environmental impact. Following different mobilizations, France is the first country in the world to have refused hydraulic fracturing in 2011. In fact, the French Parliament adopted a UMP bill proposal that prohibits the "technique of hydraulic fracturing for the exploration and exploitation of shale gas and oil ». A on this day, no exploitation is still conceivable in France. [...]

[...] In the case non-conventional hydrocarbons, the extraction of hydrocarbons trapped in these rocks requires the implementation of specific technologies such as hydraulic fracturing. It involves injecting into the well, at very high pressure, a mixture of water, sand and additives: the high-pressure water opens the fractures situated in the layered structure through which the gas will be able to flow, the sand, by infiltrating into these fractures,prevents them from closing up later, the additives maintain the sand in suspension in water then to maintain in the fissures (surfactants)3. [...]

[...] During this project, we will focus on unconventional gases, particularly shale gas. On distingue four major types of unconventional gases : - the tight gas, these are gas contained in very tight and poorly permeable reservoirs - the shale gas ( [...]

[...] Conclusion The use of shale gas offers numerous possibilities and new opportunities for energy. It is a real change in the energy landscape. These gases differ from conventional gases and are richer in organic compounds. It can be used raw or transformed, which brings it many outlets. This new source of energy must however find its place in the current world. In fact, the current extraction techniques are debated but new techniques are being studied to avoid the serious ecological problems and the waste of thousands of tons of water. [...]

[...] In the first part, shale gas will be studied. The differences between shale gas and conventional gas will be highlighted, as well as the resources in the world and in France. In the second part, the different valorizations of shale gas will be described and analyzed. I. Shale Gas An hydrocarbon not conventional Generalities In general, unconventional and conventional hydrocarbons are of the same type (oil and gas), their formations result from the transformation of organic matter contained in a rock (the mother rock) over geological times, due to the increase in pressure and temperature with increasing burial (thermogenic gas). [...]