European Defense Industry Evolution
Essay - 8 pages - Modern history
The European defense industry underwent significant changes post-Cold War due to decreased demand, economic crises, and market liberalization, leading to restructuring and concentration.
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by...
Saint-Malo and the birth of common european security and defense policy
Essay - 9 pages - Political science
The European defense department has a long history, and has been through many ups and downs. The Western European Union's (WEU) the first attempt at a common European alliance was superseded by NATO. The EDC (European defense Community) was another...
The consequences of the EU enlargement on the European policy of defense : the impacts on the transatlantic relations
Essay - 11 pages - European union
The Iraq crisis and the intra-divisions concerning the conflict have clearly indicated that it was difficult to establish a common point of view. Each country was ready to assert its opinion, regarding its position in the EU and its personal relations with the US. Even countries that were not in...
Towards a Kind of European Constitution? From the Saint-Malo Franco-British Meeting to the Lisbon Treaty (1998-2007)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
In 1998, Prime Minister Blair had to realize that the fact that GB did not participate in the Euro would actually marginalize her inside the European Union. He decided to recover the initiative, and to take up the subject of European defense, where GB could contribute in an...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of...
Future Opportunities, Threats, Challenges and Goals of the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is the largest and most successful political and economic union in the world, making it a key player. Research on the European Union focuses mainly on its construction, its functioning, the challenges and threats it faces. Our research aims to examine the...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers,...
Anglo-German relations in the European Union, 1945-2019 - publié le 07/09/2023
Presentation - 10 pages - International relations
History showed that Germany and the United Kingdom were often enemies, even if they were also strongly dependent and linked on many levels. Indeed, they were commercial and industrial rivals before 1914, and then they fought against each other during the two World Wars. But more recently, they...
The European Union and its neighbors to the East and South-East of the Continent and to the Middle East
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
The European Union has still very limited means in terms of foreign and security and defense policy, and its members still follow quite different foreign policy agendas. But the EU confronts several and often growing problems and crisis in her immediate vicinity.
Jean-Claude Junker's vision for the European Union: the first steps towards federal integration?
Essay - 8 pages - European union
In his 2017 White Paper, Jean-Claude Junker, president of the European Commission, proposes five possible scenarios concerning the European Union's future after Britain's definite departure in 2019. These scenarios range from "nothing but the single market" -- where the...
Phrases (Peace - Defense - Disarmament) and... bases - Viktor Govorkov (1952) - Relations between the United States and the USSR in the early 1950s
Artwork commentary - 2 pages - Modern history
On March 12, 1947, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, announced his concern about the "Communist threat" before Congress. He thus establishes the American doctrine: "I believe that the United States should support free peoples who resist attempts at enslavement [...]. I believe...
Advisory Opinion on The Wall - International Court of Justice - Article 51 of the United Nations Charter and the right of self-defense
Essay - 3 pages - International law
In its Advisory Opinion on The Wall, the International Court of Justice declared that Article 51 of the United Nations Charter "recognizes the existence of an inherent right of self-defense in the case of armed attack by one State against another State", thereby implying that the right of...
Montaigne's Critique of European Civilization in 'Of Cannibals' and 'Of Coaches'
Tutorials/exercises - 2 pages - Literature
In his essays 'Of Cannibals' and 'Of Coaches', Montaigne challenges European civilization by highlighting the values and customs of the indigenous people, exposing the hypocrisy and flaws of European colonizers. Read more about Montaigne's critique of...
NATO and the European Union: less influence on members than on applicants in the case of Romanian Intelligence agencies
Case study - 10 pages - International relations
In 2014, during the presidential campaign, Romania's departing conservative president, Traian Basescu, declared that his principal rival, prime-minister Victor Ponta, was an undercover agent working for the foreign intelligence service. In a country where the specter of the brutal Communist...
Communication about our defense against alleged anti-competitive conducts
Essay - 10 pages - European union
Last Monday, we received a request for information from the DG COMP of the European Commission. The European Commission claims that a number of European and non-European companies have complained that our company is hindering competition in different ways, in...
American and European Experiences
Case study - 3 pages - Educational studies
A tendency to generate unemployment may be inevitable consequence of a market system, but it is not an inevitable evil. You can administer a capitalist system with high levels of employment - paying most likely the price of considerable degree of inflation. A critic might question the low...
European Union Influence in International Political Economy
Case study - 6 pages - Educational studies
International political economy is a field that tries to understand global and international problems through an electric interdisciplinary array of theoretical perspectives and analytical tool. It encompasses analysis of political economy in the global trade, international finance, multinational...
Civil-military relations in Kosovo - the stakes of the European involvement
Essay - 4 pages - European union
In 2003, after the outbreak of European divisions over the question of Iraq, the European Council adopted the European Strategy developed by Javier Solana in a document, 'A secure Europe in a Better World', stating that 'Europe should be ready to share in the...
The future of the state in a global context: Is the European Union a super state? - publié le 17/05/2009
Thesis - 12 pages - European union
The organization of the world has been changing for the past few decades. Besides the nation sates, a lot of different forms of organization have been coming up. The development of international relations has brought about the need for organizations which enable cooperation between the national...
The foreign policy tools of the European Union and the various institutions that they are connected to
Thesis - 4 pages - European law
The European Union is present on the international scene through 3 main policies areas: trade, development and security. Each domain depends on different institutions, holds different power and uses different tools. Decisions-making procedures are varied. Nonetheless, these three domains...
The European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) - European Union as a hard power?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
With the treaty of Maastricht's coming into force in 1993, the European Community became the European Union and the Common Foreign and Security Policy became one of the three pillars of this new Union. This step of the European construction was very important because it...
Is there a common European culture in diplomacy? - publié le 29/09/2010
Essay - 5 pages - European union
At the moment, the question of culture is fundamental in the construction of Europe. The European Union is in fact searching for its identity which would be the basis to develop the political integration. Diplomacy has always played an important role in Europe: to represent and inform...
The European identity issue: what most determines the European "we feeling"? - publié le 29/11/2006
Essay - 11 pages - European union
"You don't fall in love with a common market? (EU Commission President Jacques Delors in The European, 3 November 1994). Here emerges one of the most challenging issues for the European Union. The prevalence of market integration has created a political vacuum and the so-called...
Should European Union develop its own deterrent?
Thesis - 7 pages - International relations
During the Cold War, deterrence was at the core of international foreign policy having a bilateral symmetry. With the end of the Cold War the realm of nuclear issues has undergone a substantial change and with emerging security challenges and an asymmetry of international actors. Even if...
The European identity issue: what most determines the European "we feeling"?
Essay - 11 pages - European union
“You don't fall in love with a common market” (EU Commission President Jacques Delors in The European, 3 November 1994). Here emerges one of today's most challenging issues for the European Union: the prevalence of market integration has created a political vacuum and...
Is there a common European culture in diplomacy?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
At the moment, the question of culture is fundamental in the construction of Europe. The European Union is in fact searching for its identity which would be the basis to develop the political integration. Diplomacy has always played an important role in Europe: to represent and inform...
The economic, territorial, and cultural impact of the European Union on the Danish identity - published: 09/01/2009
Case study - 5 pages - European union
Created by the treaty of Rome in 1957, the European Union now has 25 member states. Over the years and decades, it has developed a wide range of policies with an emphasis on economic measures. The member states have had to adapt themselves to this new system of governance and to the...
