Judicial review of EU Law - EU liability
Case study - 6 pages - Educational studies
The synchronization in Bergaderm of the conditions applicable for the liability of the European Union with those suitable for Member State liability has arguably led to a situation in which the framework of Union liability has been out of step with the principles of liability prevalent in the...
Can the proliferation of nuclear weapons of mass destruction be halted?
Essay - 4 pages - Political science
Proliferation is a traditional issue of International Security and has always been at the heart of strategic analysis. In the last few weeks, the International Community has been worried about the situation in Pakistan. General Musharaff proclaimed a state of emergency and convened general...
Critically evaluate the impact upon EC jurisprudence and legislation of the judgement of the European Court of Justice in REWE Zentral AG Bundesmonopolverwaltung fur Branntwein "Cassis de Dijon"
Essay - 7 pages - European law
Article 28 (ex-30) of the EC Treaty is one of the major principles governing the achievement in establishing the common market. It lays out a strong principle that imposes quantitative restrictions on imports and that all measures having equivalent effect will be prohibited between member...
The American diplomacy around the protocol of Kyoto
Essay - 15 pages - Ecology & environment
During the past forty years, the issue of global warming has gradually been established as the priority of environmental debates to become a major issue in our society for the twenty-first century. The proliferation of conferences, books, and films on this subject reflect the growing interest....
Is the European Commission more or less powerful than it should be?
Essay - 4 pages - European law
The resignation en bloc of the Jacques Santer Commission, a few months ago, after charges of nepotism and mismanagement against some of its members, including Edith Cresson and Manuel Marín, has cast discredit on an institution that has already been much criticized in the past, portrayed as a...
The American revolution: Case study in detail
Thesis - 17 pages - Modern history
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ended the Seven Years War between France and Spain against Great Britain. The victory of the latter (gain of French, Canada, of all the territories east of the Mississippi except New Orleans, and with Spanish, Florida) was certainly a matter of immense...
A political analysis of: R. v. Badger
Thesis - 6 pages - Constitutional law
The supreme court of Canada stands as the highest level of court in Canada and is the final stop for all cases which have been appealed from the superior provincial courts. Unlike the lower courts, the supreme court of Canada seats up to nine judges with each appeal seating a minimum of 5...
The US and Guantanamo Bay
Essay - 7 pages - International relations
In 1898, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Pacific to fight against Spanish imperialism. In the aftermath of the Spanish-American War, the United States occupied Cuba from January 1899 to May 1902. On February 25, 1901, Senator Orville H. Platt introduced in Congress “the...
European rules on competition
Case study - 5 pages - Services marketing
Largely inspired by the U.S. Antitrust law, the European Commission's rules on competition play a central role in the laws of the European Union. Grouped under Title VI of the European Council's Treaty, these rules concern the "common rules on competition, taxation and approximation of...
Short history of United Fruit Company - the case of Guatemala
Essay - 8 pages - Modern history
A small country located at a key point of Central America, Guatemala has a troubled and tragic history, and was thus told by a specialist that it was a "gift from the devil". Recent history seems to confirm this grim diagnosis. The civil war in Guatemala (1962-1996) was one of the longest and...
The European project of ecotaxes
Essay - 12 pages - Economy general
In October 1991 the European Commission sent the Council a draft action program called the European project of environmental taxes that encouraged members of the European Union to introduce environmental taxes. This project was a sustainable development policy to tax the polluters to make them...
Critically assess the extent to which the Court of Justice of the European Union, through its interpretation of EU law, has struck an appropriate balance between the need to respect single market objectives
Case study - 5 pages - European union
European integration was always conveyed by economic motives. The European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, and the European Union (EU) were founded by economic interests. Since the European Union is a sui generis organisation and is also founded by the law, those...
Evolution of the concept of the Rule of Law in Europe
Worksheets - 2 pages - Political science
The concept of the Rule of Law as set down in the Treaty of the European Union or in certain constitutions of the countries in Europe is closely linked to the issues and concerns that are specific to the second half of the twentieth century. It highlighted the fundamental rights, social...
Britain's stance towards the Briand Plan
Essay - 5 pages - Modern history
"Among people who are geographically grouped as the people of Europe, there must be some sort of federal link.” This is how the French foreign minister Aristide Briand presented his plan for a federal European Union or the Briand Project of European Union, as it is known today, for the first...
Hitler's rise to power
Case study - 6 pages - Ancient history
Post-World War I Germany was a country ridden with resentment, distress and desperation. There was confusion throughout the country because many thought that they had won the war, therefore the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles came as a shock to most German citizens. War guilt was a...
The first Macedonian War, flawed alliances and mistakes
Case study - 4 pages - Political science
The first Macedonian War between Philip V of Macedon and the Roman Republic took place between 214 - 205 BC. This war was one of three that led to the division and the eventual end of Macedonia. Prior to the beginning of any known physical conflict between the nations of Rome and Macedonia, an...
Water: The real perpetrator of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict?
Case study - 17 pages - International relations
The vast majority of literature around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been expressly focused on negotiating a peace treaty that satisfies the nationalistic urges of both parties in the conflict. Many prominent authors have simply designated the “right to exist” as an...
What Happened to Our Constitution: Executive Agreements
Course material - 3 pages - Constitutional law
The US Constitution creates a system of checks and balances between the three branches of the government. Thus, no branch would have a chance of becoming too powerful. Nevertheless, in the last several years, questions have been raised, especially with regard to the surrender of legislative power...
Is the fragmentation of International Law a pathological phenomenon or the sign of a healthy pluralism?
Essay - 4 pages - International law
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Articles of Agreement of 1944 emphasizes that the World Bank must disregard political factors and solely base its decisions and operation on economic grounds. Highlighting that the consent-based nature of the international legal system...
The impact of European Union Law on the world of sport and the Bosman decision
Essay - 7 pages - International law
Under European Union law, Article 81 of the EC Treaty provides that all agreements between undertakings, decisions of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between Member States and which have as their objective or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of...
The Beer market in the People's Republic of China
Thesis - 10 pages - Services marketing
One fateful day in ancient Egypt (or perhaps China), a grain storage pit accidentally filled with warm water and fermentation occurred. A brave soul tasted this nasty concoction, felt the world's first beer buzz, and the rest is history. While the Chinese were some of the world's first...
Try and identify Jonathan Swift's political stands
Essay - 5 pages - Political science
To put it simply, party politics in England during the 18th century were practiced in two different camps - Tory and Whig. Globally, the differences of opinion between the two were based on three key topics - (1) the origin of government, (2) the position of the Church in society and (3) the role...
Solving the Iraninan nuclear crisis: Regime change versus diplomatic track
Essay - 10 pages - International relations
According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the hidden Iranian nuclear program starts in 1987. In December 2002, the United States accuses Iran to seek to develop a Weapons of Mass Destruction program and in June 2003, the IAEA reports after inspection of suspect sites that Iran failed...
Integration of new countries in the European Union
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The story of Europe is still being written. The entrance of new countries, ten in 2004, two others in 2007, and the current question of opening Europe to Turkey, shows that the European Union is continuously evolving. From 1947 to 1989, the liberalist doctrine has been adopted by the Western part...
Is the Common Agricultural Policy indispensable for the future of Europe ?
Essay - 16 pages - Economy general
The CAP has long been a stumbling block among EU members. Last year, Jacques Chirac strongly opposed Tony Blair's proposal about the CAP. Indeed, France is the country which receives more agricultural subsidies while the United Kingdom does not get any concern in the agricultural policies. The...
Representation and governance in international organizations - Rapkin, Strand and Trevathan (2016) - Can international organizations be representative and democratic?
Text commentary - 7 pages - Political science
Due to all the problems associated with globalization, economic or financial crisis, and climates, the importance of international organizations such as the United Nations, or the IMF, has never been greater. As its name suggests, an international organization is made up of a collection of States...
It should be illegal to produce and sell tobacco
Essay - 5 pages - Economy general
Over the years, tobacco has been produced in many countries around the globe, especially those from the American continent. In countries like Mexico, Brazil and Colombia, tobacco was considered in the past, as a gift from God, as a product to use in order to conclude a deal or a treaty of...
US courts should apply universal principle to Alien Tort cases
Thesis - 10 pages - International law
The Alien Tort Statute, also known as the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), originally appeared in Section 9 of the first Judiciary Act of 1789, which created the U.S. judicial court system. It provides that the district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action by an alien for a...
A critical examination of European Union's economic policy
Thesis - 12 pages - European union
The EU's trading policy towards the rest of the world is called the Common Commercial Policy and is established under Articles 100-116 of the Treaty of Rome (Title IX Articles 131-134 of the Consolidated Treaty). “By establishing a customs union between themselves Member States...
US/Chinese foreign relations, from Sino-Soviet split to Nixon's visit to Beijing
Tutorials/exercises - 11 pages - International relations
China, the world's most populous nation, came under communist rule in 1949. In the previous decades, the Chinese Empire had been racked by political turmoil. In 1911, the collapse of the imperial Manchu dynasty instigated the rise of regional warlords and of revolutionary and reformist...
