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08 janv. 2026

Trade Union Rights and Collective Negotiations

Law case study - 2 pages - Labor law

Understanding the rights and obligations of trade unions and employees in collective negotiations, including the role of representative unions and the use of delegation hours.

24 févr. 2026

Globalization of Value Chains and International Trade

Book review - 2 pages - Economy general

This article discusses the impact of global value chains on international trade, based on an interview with economists Ariell Reshef and Gianluca Santoni.

06 janv. 2026

Trade Union Influence in Company Agreements

Essay - 6 pages - Human resources

This document discusses the role of trade unions in company agreements, their influence on social issues, and the challenges they face in representing employees.

27 févr. 2026

Constitutional Recognition of Workers' Collective Rights: Trade Union Freedom and Right to Strike in France

Litterature review - 8 pages - Constitutional law

Discover the constitutional foundations of workers' collective rights in France, including the right to strike and trade union freedoms. Learn how the Constitutional Council has shaped labor law through landmark decisions, balancing individual and collective freedoms with the general...

31 août 2025

The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Trade Finance: Enhancing Security and Efficiency

Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Finance

Discover how Blockchain technology is revolutionizing Trade Finance, providing additional security, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency for exporters, importers, and financial institutions. Learn about the benefits and future prospects of BCK solutions in TF.

06 oct. 2025

Free Trade Agreements

Course material - 2 pages - International economy

Since trade agreements are a major factor in economic growth, they constitute an essential part of the EU's trade policy. The EU surpassed the US (10%) to become the second-largest global goods exporter in 2022, trailing only China (18%).

29 août 2025

Irving Penn's Portraits of Workers: Dignity and Prestige in Small Trades

Artwork commentary - 2 pages - Arts and art history

Discover Irving Penn's iconic series Small Trades, a collection of photographs showcasing workers and artisans in Paris, London, and New York. Explore the value Penn gave to his portraits and how he chose to represent this subject, highlighting dignity and prestige in the workers he...

26 août 2025

Court of Cassation Ruling on Trade Union Eligibility to Sue in Court

Law case - 1 pages - Labor law

This document is a summary of the Court of Cassation's ruling on the conditions for a trade union to sue in court, specifically focusing on the notion of union within the meaning of Article L 411-2 of the Labour Code and the application of Article L 411-11. The case involves the...

24 août 2025

Protectionism in International Trade: The Importance and Effectiveness - Introduction and Detailed Plan

Dissertation - 5 pages - International economy

Multinational firms (MNCs) are key players in productive (capital) globalization and international trade. Indeed, they include a parent company and subsidiaries in foreign countries through the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). As a result, they represent one of the pillars of the...

28 nov. 2025

The Arab-Muslim Slave Trade: A Historical Analysis

Text commentary - 7 pages - Medieval history

This document summarizes Tidiane N'Diaye's work on the Arab-Muslim slave trade, its history, impact, and comparison to the transatlantic slave trade.

31 août 2025

Preferential Trade Agreements and the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Tutorials/exercises - 1 pages - International economy

Explore the concept of preferential trade agreements and their differences with the World Trade Organization (WTO), a supranational institution that aims to promote international trade liberalization and settle commercial disputes.

17 nov. 2025

International Law in International Trade

Course material - 4 pages - International law

This document discusses international conventions and laws governing international trade, including the unification of material and conflict rules.

17 sept. 2025

Free Trade Theories and Criticisms

Case study - 3 pages - International economy

Analysis of classical free trade theories by Ricardo and HOS, and examination of criticisms and benefits of free trade policies.

28 oct. 2025

How do French companies use trade agreements to export internationally?

Dissertation - 21 pages - International economy

Since 1950, trade has exploded. On trend, trade is growing much faster than GDP. An ever-increasing share of the world's production is therefore destined for international trade. In general, the growth rate of international trade flows in goods and services is...

10 oct. 2025

Collective Agreements and Trade Union Representatives

Course material - 67 pages - Labor law

This document outlines the rules and regulations governing collective agreements and trade union representatives in a company or establishment, including the conditions for designation and the rights of trade union representatives.

17 sept. 2025

World Trade Organization, DS487, United States - Conditional Tax Incentives for Large Civil Aircraft - International Economic Law and Policy

Law case - 3 pages - Bank law

The dispute involves the European Union, acting as the complainant, and the United States, serving as the respondent. This dispute has been brought to light in accordance with the dispute settlement rules of the World Trade Organization. Like many disputes within the WTO framework, it...

10 déc. 2025

Maritime Issues and Global Trade

Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - World geography

Discover the complexities of global maritime trade, from strategic straits to territorial disputes and the impact on global commerce.

28 sept. 2025

EU Free Trade Agreements: Benefits and Criticisms

Essay - 4 pages - International economy

The European Union's free trade agreements have both positive and negative impacts on businesses and the environment. While they promote economic growth and development, they are criticized for their negative social and environmental effects.

12 déc. 2025

Conciliation between Trade Union Freedom and Judicial Impartiality

Law case - 3 pages - Civil law

The Court of Cassation prioritizes trade union freedom over judicial impartiality, based on factual criteria and a strict requirement of objectivity.

17 sept. 2025

Benefits and Distributional Effects of International Trade

Case study - 4 pages - International economy

Analysis of the impact of free trade on developing countries and the distribution of its benefits among different regions and groups.

05 janv. 2025

Make Trade Not War? - Philippe Martin, Thierry Mayer, and Mathias Thoenig (2008)

Text commentary - 6 pages - Economy general

In The Spirit of Laws, the French political philosopher Montesquieu wrote that "the natural effect of trade is to bring about peace. Two nations which trade together render themselves reciprocally dependent." This idea that trade leads to peace has been a guiding principle of...

31 oct. 2024

World History, Volume 2: from 1400, Chapter 5: Foundations of the Atlantic World, The Atlantic Slave Trade - Kordas, Lynch, Nelson & Tatlock (2022) - Artistic Reflections and Socioeconomic Impacts of the Atlantic Slave Trade

Text commentary - 2 pages - Medieval history

The Atlantic Slave Trade, a pivotal yet dark chapter in human history, stands as a testament to the complex interplay of socioeconomic factors and human morality. Such a period that metamorphosed into the commoditization of human life had not only determined the economic landscapes of...

06 juin 2023

Is free trade preferable to protectionism?

Essay - 2 pages - International economy

In 2018, the United States increased its tariffs by almost $300 billion on imports, thus causing trade wars with China and Europe. This tariff barrier put in place by the former President of the United States, Donald Trump, is an offensive protectionist measure, that is to say a customs...

25 avril 2022

World Trade Business Game - Austria, Malaysia, Bolivia - Gas, Timber

Tutorials/exercises - 16 pages - Business strategy

This document is a comprehensive analysis of 3 country potentials in terms of international trade globally, and specifically in the timber and gas markets.

11 juil. 2022

Trade and international relations

Worksheets - 2 pages - International relations

We live on an international scene punctuated by globalization and the intensification of trade. We currently exchange more than we produce: a good is exchanged on average 1.4 times. In this perspective, trade (even if it is basically established between two companies) is a way for...

01 août 2022

Towards a "Europe-puissance" or towards a free trade zone?

Course material - 8 pages - International relations

The development of the European Union, along the line of constant progress towards more integration, which more or less prevailed since 1950, appeared to stop suddenly in May 2005 with the French "No" to the so-called Constitutional Treaty. That problem has been solved, at least for now, with the...

25 avril 2022

International Trade and Innovation: EU policy recommendations

Essay - 2 pages - International economy

Based on the current worldwide developments, explain what would be your policy recommendations to European governments and the European Commission with regard to globalization, international trade and innovation strategy.

25 oct. 2021

Logistics techniques for international trade

Dissertation - 12 pages - Logistics

Local companies have traded with foreign companies for many years. These business relationships may consist of the buying and selling of goods, but large-scale corporate buyouts and mergers play a role on the international stage as well. Before an agreement is reached between two (international)...

22 sept. 2021

How can technology be used by the financial services industry to boost the development of cross-border payments and trade in the ASEAN region?

Sectorial analysis - 2 pages - Finance

ASEAN's financial services industry needs to be supported by technology to increase its competitiveness. The future of this industry depends on one hand on the development of cross-border trade in the ASEAN region, and on the other hand, on the development of the means of payment that...

30 avril 2021
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New Theories of International Trade

Essay - 7 pages - Theories and economic notions

Through this quotation from Joseph Stigltiz, co-prize winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work on asymmetric information, we note the interconnection between countries that globalization brings about: with its advantages but also its disadvantages. A questioning of this process...