Abstract
The leadership concept has emerged in the nineteenth century in the course of the Industrial Revolution and the formation of new workers' organizations. The employees were managed by a formal authority called notably in the work area by the expression “the boss says”. Until 1950, there was an establishment of hierarchy where the status was a sacred thing : the hierarchical head was the reference. The leadership notion was identical with the legitimate power to command and to be obeyed : authority was centralized. It was based on the know-how and formers respect.
The leadership is multi disciplinary, leaders are presents in various fields : sport (Laurent Blanc), politic (Winston Churchill), business (Steve Jobs), army (Napoléon), rights (Nelson Mandela) and charity (Teresa mother). Currently, the leadership is defined as the ability of an individual to lead or to run other persons or organizations in the aim to reach certain objectives. A leader is someone which is able to guide, to influence and to inspire.
Michael alias Martin Luther King , born on Tuesday 15th January 1929, is the second child and the first son of a pastor and a teacher : he has one brother and sister. He lives in a comfortable, secured and loving middle class family based on the evangelist morale code : he receives a good education in a segregationist America. As Junior King said it in An Autobiography of Religious Development : "It is quite easy for me to think of a God of love mainly because I grew up in a family where love was central and where lovely relationships were ever present." At five years old, Martin Luther King Junior begins his education and attends the public school at the Yonge Stress Elementary School in Atlanta and after the David T. Howard Elementary School. However already very young, Martin experiences of segregation prejudices : indeed, he was only six year old when one of this white friend refused to play with him due to the fact that he was sent to a segregated school.
