Abstract
"A spectre is haunting Europe – the spectre of Communism." This is the prophetic opening line of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848, one of the major and most well-known work of Marx and Engels, dealing with their ideal of a communist society. However, The Communist Manifesto is not a manual for communism, and the account of communist society can be found, scattered throughout several works by Marx. His description of communism is defined according to what is set to be its opposite – capitalist society. He imagines a future society that is modelled on his conceptual analysis of capitalism, in a dialectical manner. Thus, his description contains repeated references to the capitalist society he lived in. Marx used an original approach in defining his ideal society that differs from the other works of political philosophy. The dialectic approach allowed him to be more descriptive and fewer idealists, by taking constant roots in the observation of the society he lived in. His economic and historical approach is also new in the field of political philosophy.
