Turkey and the European Union: a reluctant membership?
Essay - 8 pages - European union
The European Union has never been an exclusive club. From the beginning of the integration process, fellow European countries were welcome to apply for membership. However, as the Union was deepening its integration and growing in size, the question of where and when to stop the enlargement...
"The European Union's agenda for constitutional reform, as first set out in the Laeken Declaration, has been and remains an urgent priority." Discuss the above statement
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The European Union is constantly evolving. We are currently in the middle of the ratification process by Member States of the Lisbon Treaty ? or Reform Treaty ? which seems to mark the end of a constitutional agenda that was started by the Laeken Declaration in the aftermath of the Nice Treaty. I...
The integration of Turkey in the EU
Essay - 11 pages - European union
Turkey has been an official candidate at the Helsinki summit of the European Council since December 10, 1999, in order to obtain the membership in the European Union. Negotiations began on October 3, 2005, and are expected to continue for at least several years. During the same time, the debate...
Regional Economic Integration and the European Union
Essay - 3 pages - European union
Regional Economic Integration is the act of cooperating countries entering into agreements with each other to remove all barriers to importing goods into their respective countries. One of the biggest walls to exporting to foreign markets has been tariffs and taxes levied against foreign nations...
The European Union and the Ukrainian issue
Essay - 6 pages - European union
The rejection of the draft of the European Constitution by France and the Netherlands in 2005 through two negative referendums revealed a fear toward the European Union. That fear can be in part explained by the fact that the European Union failed to define precisely its frontiers. For instance,...
Does ' widening ' challenge ' deepening ' ?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The conservative European deputy Pierre Lequiller held a very common idea last year at a meeting in Sciences Po. He asserted that George W. Bush supports the accession of Turkey to the European Union (EU) because he wants it to be a free trade area. It intimates that 'widening' challenges...
A history of the UE: Robert Schuman
Essay - 3 pages - European union
On May 9th, 1950, Robert Schuman, a French statesman and visionary European, gave a speech soon to be known as “the Schuman Declaration”. This event determined Europe's future and is considered as the birth of actual functional European integration; a “Europe Day” is even...
Euroscepticism in Poland
Essay - 19 pages - European union
Since the collapse of its communist regime in 1989-1990, Poland aimed at joining the European Economic Community/European Union (EU). In 1991, the Association Agreement was signed by the country and the international organization. Poland officially applied for membership in June 1994. The...
Analyse of the European Union (EU) common Strategy on Weapons of Mass Destruction
Essay - 5 pages - European union
While globalization makes trade easier, it also makes illegal trafficking easier. As a global trade power, the EU has to against the limiting negative effects of liberalization, especially in the WMD domain. The question we must answer at the outset is: what are Weapons of Mass Destructions?...
The limits of the European neighborhood policy
Essay - 6 pages - European union
After the last European enlargement on 1st May 2004, the European Union got new neighbors, mainly in the East but a few also in the Middle East. But the neighbors do not all have the same juridical status. For some of them inclusion is already on its way, like for Romania and Bulgaria who signed...
The Cecchini report - 20 years later - publié le 05/03/2008
Essay - 6 pages - European union
With the Maastricht Treaty, in 1992, the European Community will now be a single market composed of twelve countries, with no more barriers between them. This change was of course studied and analyzed before coming into force. The European Commission, in 1986, mandated Mr Cecchini to make an...
Integration of new countries in the European Union
Essay - 6 pages - European union
The story of Europe is still being written. The entrance of new countries, ten in 2004, two others in 2007, and the current question of opening Europe to Turkey, shows that the European Union is continuously evolving. From 1947 to 1989, the liberalist doctrine has been adopted by the Western part...
Democratizing Europe: On the quest for a common public space
Essay - 4 pages - European union
We all remember the rebuff of the constitution from France and the Nederland in spring 2005 and the further comments on the event. Many bet on an end of Europe. This refusal called into question Europe that was upset that stopped for a while. Of course, although this reject was not a good point...
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and energy security, is there a role for Europe?
Essay - 13 pages - European union
After a risk in the supply of energy from Russia again this winter, strong voices claimed the necessity of a European common foreign energy security policy. However, once the crisis resolved, and the cold weather wore off, the idea was left aside, at least by the Media. The EU energy policy is a...
Does the Constitutional Treaty provide an answer to the difficulties of EU governance ?
Essay - 12 pages - European union
Before studying the outcome of the EU government, we must analyze the concrete difficulties faced by it. A few of the main aspects of the difficulties in EU governance may be realized from the Commission's White Paper (2001) and the 2004 report. According to the Commission, the main problems...
The Lisbon treaty
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The 27 European leaders reached a deal on the new “Reform Treaty” during a two-day summit at Lisbon on October 18th and 19th 2007, ending more than two years of political crisis after the French and Dutch referenda. This agreement comes after a long and complex process of elaboration...
How does the European Commission foster the integration of the energy market?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The European Union (UE) proves to be an efficient exporting actor for the goods and services market. However, its capital account remains negative in the energy market. UE's growing dependency on gas and electricity suppliers is becoming an economic and strategic weakness for the business...
The European union's development policy toward Africa
Essay - 4 pages - European union
On December 8th and 9th 2007 the summit of African and European leaders has hold in Lisbon. It is the second ever Summit between heads of states and governments from EU and Africa after the Cairo Summit in 2000. The 52 countries of the African Union, the 27 European member states, and the...
A critical analysis of the EU legal framework dealing with illegal immigration - published: 27/12/2007
Essay - 5 pages - European union
Arousing the passions and the divisions, the migration is apprehended by some Europeans as a danger for the national identity and is approved by the others as a source of cultural diversity. Many forms of illegal immigration are observed. The migrants can enter a member states by land, air or...
The new method of ' Open Co-ordination ': A useful innovation for EU governance ?
Essay - 11 pages - European union
Asking the question whether the new open-method of co-ordination (OMC) is a useful innovation for EU governance, equals to asking whether today, new modes of EU governance are needed or not. If we take into account the definition of the governance from the Commission, and that we stick to the...
CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) and Non Proliferation
Essay - 12 pages - European union
Since the end of the Cold War, the nature and origins of threats on Europe have changed. This evolution of repartition of powers in the world led some countries to develop their defence and military capabilities, whether it concerns missiles, biological or chemical weapons, or the ultimate...
The impact of the Euro-med Partnership on EU-Mediterranean countries relations
Essay - 10 pages - European union
In November 2005, the 10th anniversary of the Barcelona Process was celebrated. It was the opportunity to take stock of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP). Indeed it was often said that the Partnership was a failure or at least disappointing. The most striking feature of this statement is...
"Children Need Working Parents" strategy
Essay - 10 pages - European union
Childcare is a basic need of the 21st century family', said PES President Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (PES, Press release 2006). The NGO 'Children Need Working Parents', aims at creating a right to parents to public childcare provision for children between 4 months and 6 years old, with an...
Governance in the European Union: Policies
Essay - 8 pages - European union
The Common Fisheries Policy is one of the oldest policies entirely delegated to the European Community since it is part of the Common agricultural policy. Indeed, in the Treaty of Rome, agricultural products are defined as “the products of the soil, of stock-farming and of fisheries”...
European Court of Justice - motor for European integration?
Essay - 2 pages - European union
In 1996, British Prime Minister John Major has bitterly noted that European Court of Justice (ECJ) should “have its wings clipped”, as already back in 1996 some member states, eager to protect their sovereignty, feared the growing influence of the court. Yet, 10 years later, the...
The foundations and the evolution of the notion of European citizenship
Essay - 3 pages - European union
According to the European Commission, “citizenship of the Union is both a source of legitimation of the process of European integration, by reinforcing the participation of citizens, and a fundamental factor in the creation among citizens of a sense of belonging to the European Union and of...
Nationalism and Regionalism in the era of the making of a common European identity
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The year 2000 will be and have already been pivotal for the European Union. Ten new countries became full members of the Union and Turkey is on his way to the membership. But the 2005 failure to make all the countries sign the project of European constitution asks legitimate questions about the...
The democratic deficit of the EU and the European political integration from a French perspective
Essay - 14 pages - European union
The European construction has always evolved through crisis and this is probably due to its ambitious project and nature. However, it worked successfully until today because it has been occurring through a “step by step process”, to quote the Schuman Declaration. This neo-functionalist...
To what extent has Europe benefited from a "peace dividend" through the European Union and its budget?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The notion of “peace dividend” was forged in the 1980s to convey an idea that had already been analysed before: the link between security/peace, and economic growth. Without going into further details, one may wonder if this economic theory can be applied to the European Union, which...
Do we have the right balance between responsibility for budget implementation and political accountability for the Union budget's use?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
The evolution of the budgetary procedure, with the new financial regulation of 2002, has increased the responsibility of the different actors and clarified the different management methods, increasing the transparency of the whole procedure. Those changes allow us to wonder if there is, today, a...
