Abstract
After the Second World War in 1945, a new world order came up: Western Europe had to recover from the damages the war caused, and the US and the Soviet Union were competing against each other for power in a Cold War period. During this era, lasting up to the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the Middle East began to become a very unstable region due to the creation of the Israeli state in 1948. A traditional definition of the ‘Middle East area' would include sixteen countries from Iran to Egypt. This core region has been the biggest world oil holder for decades. In this context, it is not surprising to see that the Middle East became, during the Cold War, the theater of western interventions concerning oil. Indeed, the oil issue became a key and strategic argument, related to the new framework of the international relations.
