Abstract
Since the Industrial Revolution, energy is an international concern: one fifth of international trade of goods is the supply in energy of the companies. At the beginning of the century, oil became the most important energy source. Today, oil represents the most important share of the energy market. Indeed, it covers 40% of the world-wide primary energy offer. That's why, oil is considered as a "strategic" raw material. There is an important political dimension in the international oil relationship which leads to a more geopolitical vision of the international energy market than an economical vision. The oil issue being very political reached the highest point during the 1970's and the energy crisis. The most dramatic episode was the "Oil revolution" organized by the OPEC. After this crisis, the oil question appeared to be a national and international security stake. For the first time, energy stake divided the international political space between "friend and enemy". Whereas, some recommended military intervention against the country members of the OPEC, industrialized countries tried to react in creating the International Energy Agency. IEA was essentially a discussion and negotiation space between the states during in the elaboration of energy politics.
