Immigration policies, public action analysis, cultural dimension, political dimension, European countries, United States, George Horace GALLUP, FOTLU, AFL-CIO, DMV, IG Metall, League of Nations, political sociology, public policy analysis, John Rowts
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Abstract
This document discusses the cultural and political dimensions of immigration, its impact on host countries, and the evolution of immigration policies in European countries and the United States.
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[...] In France, we have many foreigners and immigrants who obtain French nationality. On the cultural level, what characterizes France is laicism (in Germany, one must choose between funding the Protestant or Catholic church) the state does not fund religious worship, everything that is religious is in the private sphere. So there is no integration through communities, but as a French citizen with individual integration. This has provoked the highest rate of mixed marriages in the world. France recognizes individual rights and not specific rights for groups. [...]
[...] That is to say that European policies are voted on but France does not transpose them into its law. For example, in 2005, out of the 20 directives in Europe were not transposed into French law, with large fines paid to the European Union in 2010 as a result. Second reason for inefficacy is that it is difficult to impose rules without taking into account local societies and local interests. Imposing a rational legal authority is to run up against local traditions. What was studied a lot in the USA in the 1930s, Ph. [...]
[...] The problem is that if we don't change the current system, we won't be able to maintain the standard of living of retirees and their standard of living will fall below that of people of working age. (is this acceptable or not). Currently in France of retirees are below the poverty line, and they are essentially women. However, France has a system that allows for the fewest people to be below the poverty line. There were some economists who wanted the level of pensions to increase like Gary Becker ? he says that parents spend a lot on their children, but in return society should help seniors and want to form a solidarity to retire them. [...]
[...] But it also relies on sociology with an inductive approach, that is, we start from the realities of what we observe on the ground with surveys and interviews and participant observation. And from there, we deduce things and build a theory. And notably reflect on how individuals, groups (actors) make it so that public policies are applied or not and implemented in one way or another. This approach is almost called a rise to generality or Bottom-Up. So in political science we have a duality of approaches with its part hypothetico-deductive and inductive. What have authors working in this field been interested in? [...]
[...] Well, because it states that trade union action is independent of political action. This is not the case in other countries. But this creation of trade unions will worry conservatives and especially a psychology professor named Gustave Le Bon who wrote 'The Psychology of Crowds' in 1895. They noticed that during large gatherings, people lose their ability to distinguish and are led by the crowd. Thus, it is enough for a few to start that the others follow them. The theoretical models that explain mobilization for trade unions: Albert O Hirscheman in his book: Exit, Voice and Loyalty. [...]
