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30 sept. 2025

Non-Retroactivity of Harsher Penal Laws

Law case - 4 pages - Criminal law

The Court of Cassation affirms the general and unconditional application of the principle of non-retroactivity of harsher penal laws, as a corollary of the principle of legality.

30 sept. 2025

Criminal Responsibility of Minors with Mental Disorders: Sanctions and Security Measures Under French Law

Law case study - 8 pages - Criminal law

Unlock the complexities of juvenile penal responsibility and the implications of mental health on criminal liability. Discover how the law navigates cases involving minors and individuals with mental disorders, and understand the potential consequences for those deemed criminally irresponsible....

30 sept. 2025

European Jurisprudence Impact on National Law

Essay - 6 pages - Criminal law

This document discusses the legitimacy and effects of European case-law on national law, particularly in the context of penal law and the role of European institutions.

28 sept. 2025

Criminal Liability of Leaders and Legal Persons in Occupational Safety Offenses

Law case study - 3 pages - Criminal law

This case study examines the criminal liability of company leaders and legal persons in the context of occupational safety offenses, specifically the failure to comply with safety obligations.

25 sept. 2025

French Penal Code Reform

Course material - 24 pages - Criminal law

Overview of the French Penal Code and its recent reforms, including changes to prescription periods and the introduction of new aggravating circumstances.

25 sept. 2025

Theft Definition and Jurisprudence

Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Criminal law

The document discusses the legal definition of theft according to the French Penal Code and relevant jurisprudence from the Court of Cassation.

24 sept. 2025

Criminal Irresponsibility Due to Mental Disorder: Court of Cassation Rulings on Abolition of Discernment

Law case - 2 pages - Criminal law

Unlock the nuances of criminal irresponsibility with landmark judgments from the Court of Cassation. Explore how moral constraint and mental disturbance impact penal liability, as seen in pivotal cases from 20 April 1934 and 14 April 2021. Understand the legal precedents set by the Criminal...

23 sept. 2025

Criminal Liability of Parent Companies in Mergers

Law case - 2 pages - Criminal law

The Court of Cassation rules on the criminal liability of legal persons in mergers and acquisitions, setting a precedent for future cases.

23 sept. 2025

Complicity in Swindling and Illegal Medical Practice: French Court of Cassation Rulings Analysis

Law case - 3 pages - Criminal law

Unlock the nuances of complicity law with landmark judgments from the French Court of Cassation. Discover how the Criminal Chamber's rulings on October 25, 2023 (n°22-81.880) and September 13, 2016 (n°15-85.046) set precedents for complicity in swindling and illegal medical practice....

23 sept. 2025

Distinguishing Fraud from Abuse of Trust: Legal Differences and Sanctions Explained

Essay - 4 pages - Criminal law

Unlock the nuances between fraud and abuse of trust, two offenses that undermine the cornerstone of legal relationships: trust. While both infractions cause prejudice to victims, they differ in their constitutive elements and sanctions. Fraud attacks informed consent through deception, whereas...

23 sept. 2025

Penal Responsibility for Occupational Safety Offenses

Law case study - 7 pages - Criminal law

This document discusses the penal responsibility of captains, company heads, and legal entities for failure to comply with occupational safety obligations and active corruption offenses.

22 sept. 2025

Fraud and Recel Offenses

Course material - 56 pages - Criminal law

This document discusses various aspects of fraud and recel offenses, including connectivity with the original offense, remission of the object, and the principles of recel bénéfice.

22 sept. 2025

ECHR Judgment Soros v. France on Legality Principle

Law case - 4 pages - Criminal law

The European Court of Human Rights judgment in Soros v. France examines the application of the principle of legality of crimes and penalties, and the predictability of the law.

17 sept. 2025

Court Ruling on Torture and Barbarity

Law case - 5 pages - Criminal law

The Court of Cassation judgment examines the conformity of Penal Code articles with the Constitution regarding torture and barbarity.

17 sept. 2025

Penal Protection of the Embryo: Legal Status and Future Directions in French Law

Essay - 5 pages - Criminal law

"Discover the evolving landscape of embryo protection in French penal law. Learn how current legislation balances the need to safeguard embryonic life with the complexities of legal personality, and explore the debates surrounding enhanced protection and its implications for reproductive...

17 sept. 2025

Moral Harassment Reporting and Legal Protection

Law case study - 5 pages - Criminal law

A discussion on whether an employee who reports moral harassment without explicitly qualifying it as such is entitled to legal protection against dismissal.

08 sept. 2025

Crime Fiction's Impact on Justice Perception

Dissertation - 3 pages - Criminal law

This research project examines how crime fiction influences public perception of crime and justice, and its implications on the understanding of criminal law and criminology.

07 sept. 2025

Penal Liability of Legal Persons: Conditions and Implications

Law case - 3 pages - Criminal law

The summarized document is a legal analysis of the penal liability of legal persons in France, specifically focusing on the conditions under which a legal person's liability can be incurred due to the fault of its organ or representative. This analysis is based on a Court of Cassation...

07 sept. 2025

Protection of Property Rights Against Illicit Occupation

Summary - 3 pages - Criminal law

The document discusses the extent to which property rights are protected against illicit occupation, highlighting the legal arsenal and measures in place to protect property owners.

31 août 2025

The Principle of Non-Retroactivity of Penal Law in French and European Law

Tutorials/exercises - 7 pages - Criminal law

This document explores the concept of non-retroactivity of penal law in French and European law, highlighting the differences between the two systems and the implications of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments on the principle of legality.

24 août 2025

Conformity of Penal Law to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

Tutorials/exercises - 5 pages - Criminal law

This document is a case summary of the Court of Cassation's decision on the conformity of penal law to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It discusses the compatibility of freedom of expression and disclosure of information related to a civil...

01 juin 2025

Defence submissions of a criminal case

Tutorials/exercises - 6 pages - Criminal law

The document is an example of a legal document that presents the defendant's defense arguments in a criminal trial for fraud and bad check under Kenyan law.

06 nov. 2024

Why was the death penalty abolished in Colorado?

Essay - 2 pages - Criminal law

On March 23rd 2020, the governor, Jared Polis, signed legislation into law banning the death penalty in Colorado. Colorado became the 22nd state to ban the death penalty in the United States, after Washington, Maryland and Connecticut.

20 oct. 2024

How Can AI Contribute to Safer Communities?

Essay - 3 pages - Criminal law

Predictive policing leverages AI's analytical muscle to analyze vast troves of crime data. Being able to scrutinize all these gazes, AI consequently notices patterns and foretells that crime happens in places (Grimm et al., 2021). Picture a town built around the mini-story of the weekend...

19 oct. 2024

The United Arab Emirates Criminal Justice System

Case study - 6 pages - Criminal law

The United Arab Emirates (UAE), a confederation of seven emirates which comprise Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Fujairah, and Ras al-Khaimah, represents a distinct cultural mix of traditional Islamic principles and rigorous modern economic activity (Holst, 2023). Founded in 1971, the UAE rose...

24 avril 2024

Criminal Law in an Islamic Legal Society

Essay - 5 pages - Criminal law

The Shari'a does not focus as much on criminal law as it does on family law, but a small part is dedicated to crimes and sanctions, and despite not being strictly applied, those principles still have a normative force among different modern Muslim states' legal systems. Islamic criminal...

15 mars 2024

Does prison do any good?

Essay - 2 pages - Criminal law

Anyone with criminal liability is exposed to legal consequences if he commits a crime, and there are various ways to execute punishments with specific laws and practices in each country. Prisons are part of the Criminal Justice System in addition to the Courts and Police. In the past few decades,...

18 nov. 2023

R v Lee Abbott 2019 and R v Claire Colebourne 2019

Law case - 4 pages - Criminal law

The cases of R v Lee Abbott 2019 and R v Claire Colebourne 2019 delve into the devastating realm of familial homicides, each bearing its distinctive tragic narrative. These heart-wrenching incidents unfolded within the intimate confines of family relationships, leading to the untimely demise of...

23 oct. 2023

R v. Albert William Grannon (2019) and R v. Claire Colebourn (2019) - Comparative study

Law case - 2 pages - Criminal law

Both R v Albert William Grannon and R v Claire Colebourne (2019) concern homicides involving children, and in both cases, it is a family member who has been found guilty for the deaths. You have to compare and contrast the sentencing remarks handed down in each case.

11 janv. 2023

What's negligence in tort law ?

Essay - 1 pages - Criminal law

Tort law is an integral part of any legal system, and negligence is a key concept within it. Negligence is a form of tort law that holds individuals or organizations accountable for any harm caused to another person due to their careless or reckless behavior. Negligence can be a complex legal...