European Union expansion, EU integration challenges, European identity, institutional problems, geographical limits, economic heterogeneity, EU languages
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Abstract
The European Union has faced numerous challenges in its expansion, including the failure of the constitutional approach, the issue of European identity, and the geographical and institutional problems.
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[...] Brake effect on the contentious (Hungary) where countries contradict the values of the EU political union is only on paper, no sanctions, we do not intervene > On the other hand, the economic and monetary union is very much alive . 2. [...]
[...] They failed to reach an understanding - France has torpedoed EURATOM In particular, General DG by his will to equip France with a proper nuclear arsenal, he preferred to go it alone The failure of the European Defence Community (EDC) > Looking back a bit 1952/1954 Period of reconstruction including military NATO took the lead but not properly European, they wanted a military alliance that was their own CED > Jean Monnet set up a kind of European army in which Germany would be included, and thus remilitarize this country . [...]
[...] desire to develop a new treaty Treaty of Lisbon IV- The Lisbon Europe (2007 to today) > It is necessary to keep the 2004 treaty as a basis for negotiations, making adjustments. 18 States had already ratified, they were for > Or else Mini treaty/Simplified Treaty Proposed by Nicolas Sarkozy in 2005 It would take over the institutional aspects of the 2004 treaty (to reassure the two states that opposed it) Solution retained The ratification process > The treaty is developed, it is signed in 2007 and ratified by the 27 member states France ratifies the treaty in February 2008 > The ratification of this treaty in France was done through the parliamentary route While the 2004 treaty had been rejected by referendum This choice raised protests and criticisms in France, "violation of the parallel forms", it would have been necessary to resort to the referendum again (->Hollande: During his presidential campaign, he had already spoken of this parliamentary ratification. [...]
[...] This treaty is accompanied by a charter of fundamental rights, which already existed, proclaimed in 2000 (but had no legal value) Why this failure ? The constitutional approach displeased, alarmed The ultra-liberal character of the part of the treaty dealing with economic characteristics The two refusals of the two countries (failures of the referendums) have led to a blockage in European construction . [...]
[...] For example: Turkey did not play the game until the end, but Turkey would have played a major economic role . > Are all these criticisms extinguished after the Lisbon Treaty ? [...]
