Evolution of Medieval Representative Assemblies: From Feudal Governance to Political Dialogue
Essay - 4 pages - Medieval history
Medieval representative assemblies played a crucial role in shaping the governance of European kingdoms from the 9th century onwards. Initially, these assemblies served as spaces for the approval of the sovereign's policies by the people they governed. Over time, they evolved into instruments...
VAT Calculation for Businesses
Law case study - 2 pages - Fiscal law
Understand how to calculate VAT due for businesses, including collected and deductible VAT.
Public Finances and Financial Laws
Tutorials/exercises - 3 pages - Public finance law
Overview of financial laws, public finances, and the role of the High Council on Public Finances.
CC Clarifies Conditions for Invoking Legislative Negative Incompetence in QPC
Law case - 3 pages - Fiscal law
The Constitutional Council (CC) provides clarification on the conditions for invoking legislative negative incompetence in a QPC, emphasizing the need for a direct infringement of a constitutional right or freedom.
Economics: Taxes and subsidies
Case study - 3 pages - Economy general
There are two types of tax systems that work simultaneously in an economy. These two systems are called direct and indirect taxation. Both of these systems have different effects on the economy in terms of an incentive or disincentive. Direct taxation is levied on the income of...
Europe widening and tax competition
Essay - 7 pages - European union
Taxation is by definition a regulation defining the taxes of a local community, a country or an international organization. It gathers three types of obligatory deductions in advance: direct taxes, indirect taxes and social security contributions. The distribution of these three types of...
The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion and the different instruments government might use to combat these
Thesis - 5 pages - Fiscal law
Taxation is everywhere in our daily life. People cannot always evade taxes. For instance, we pay tax when we buy goods therefore it is impossible to escape this kind of ‘included tax”. Tax avoidance and tax evasion are determinant for tax burden because they are one of the...
Competition between European football clubs - published: 27/01/2011
Dissertation - 37 pages - Management
In Europe, the economic competition is as fierce as the sporting competitions that engage among the professional football clubs, and this fight is somewhat uneven between very large European professional clubs and other smaller clubs. How can we explain the differences in competitiveness between...
The legal process of entering into a joint venture with the Cuban water utility company
Essay - 16 pages - International law
This paper examines the legal process of entering into a joint venture with the Cuban public water system through a joint venture in a Post-Fidel Castro Cuba. Although Fidel is no longer at the helm, the Cuban Communist party is still in power. Since Cuba has a state planned economy, we place...
Smoking case study
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
The article “Illicit Smokes up 25% since tax rise” by Eli Greenblat talks about the effects of increase taxes on the illegal trade and smuggling of cigarettes in Australia. It was published on March 1, 2011; exactly a year after the Australian government increased the taxation on...
A look at the Value Added Tax in India
Thesis - 5 pages - Finance
Unlike the erstwhile single point or cascade type of sales tax system, Value Added Tax (VAT) is a multi-point sales tax levied on the value added to goods with set-off for tax paid on purchases (inputs) and capital goods. What this means is that the amount of tax paid by the dealers for purchase...
The evolution, features, concepts, application and terminologies of fiscal policy
Thesis - 12 pages - Government finance
Fiscal policy can be explained as a policy executed by the government to produce desirable effect on national income, output and employment. There are two type of fiscal policy they are - Contractionary & Expansionary.It helps the government by creating an environment for rapid economic growth....
How was the Declaration of Independence written? - publié le 29/09/2010
Essay - 3 pages - Modern history
The Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Congress on July 4th 1776. In fact, this Declaration written in particular by Thomas Jefferson, announced that American colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire. It is known as the « Declaration of Philadelphia », since...
The "No camp" in the 2009 referendum in Ireland
Essay - 5 pages - European union
To understand the context, we have to go back a couple of years, 2008. As we know, there was the first Lisbon referendum, that we can also call The Twenty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2008, which had the goal of the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. Most of the European countries...
The European project of ecotaxes
Essay - 12 pages - Economy general
In October 1991 the European Commission sent the Council a draft action program called the European project of environmental taxes that encouraged members of the European Union to introduce environmental taxes. This project was a sustainable development policy to tax the polluters to make them...
Transocean vs. the United States
Case study - 5 pages - Other law subjects
In 2008 Transocean, one of the world's largest offshore oil drilling contractors, moved its corporate headquarters from the Cayman Islands to the canton of Zug, Switzerland. The move placed what was already a wildly lucrative company in an even more enviable position. Since their 1999 move from...
Tax Reform
Essay - 2 pages - Finance
Tax reform and the US budget go hand in hand. While many people seek a tax reform, they must understand that the most significant factor in determining the types and amounts of taxes that are to be paid is the US budget. Typically, it would be expected that if a budget is in the red,...
How was the Declaration of Independence written?
Essay - 3 pages - Medieval history
The Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Congress on July 4th 1776. In fact, this Declaration written in particular by Thomas Jefferson, announced that American colonies were no longer a part of the British Empire. It is known as the « Declaration of Philadelphia », since...
Discuss the disincentives on work effort induced by the tax and benefit system, and how the theory of labor supply offers alternative systems to minimize these disincentives
Essay - 7 pages - Economic politics
In the UK, USA or in France, Government is seen from different angles. A State has duties and functions. In order to look after the welfare of their citizens, it tries to improve the reputation through taxation and benefit system. The main problem for most countries is the unemployment....
The Tax Haven
Worksheets - 2 pages - International economy
The history of the tax havens is parallel to that of taxation. In fact, 2000 years ago, the first Greek storekeepers sent emissaries to some harbors to exchange the merchandise secretly with the buyer, and so, avoid the harbor taxes. But it was during the 30's and the glorious thirty...
David Ricardo (1772-1823) - publié le 30/11/2010
Thesis - 7 pages - Economy general
David Ricardo was a prominent figure of his time. He participated in the great debates on the currency, the Corn Laws and so on. He associated with Smith and found numerous proposals that needed to be discussed. He published the 'Principles of Political Economy and Taxation' in...
Economic Unrest in France: A Twentieth-Century analysis
Thesis - 10 pages - Economy general
The French Revolution of 1789 is perhaps one of the most well-known and significant revolutions in modern history. The Revolution was not only influential in its establishment of a new regime in France, but, to quote Scott W. Haine, “Not only did the French Revolution produce modern...
An Analysis of the Modern Welfare States of Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Poland, Sweden and United States
Essay - 24 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In this short dissertation it is impossible to elucidate in detail the welfare systems or states of Canada, Germany, Poland, France, Sweden, Austria and United States and compare and contrast them all. Thus the three topics of health care, education, and unemployment benefits will be the focus of...
Renault launch its new 100% electric car in the US: The Twizy
Case study - 14 pages - Business strategy
The proactive motivation for Renault to move in the US is to increase the demand. The group has the capacities and competences to produce enough vehicles for both Europe and United States. They also have the skills to produce a technological and quality car concept. This kind of vehicle is only...
Discuss the disincentives on work effort induced by the tax and benefit system, and how the theory of labor supply offers alternative systems to minimize these disincentives - publié le 12/05/2009
Thesis - 7 pages - Economy general
In the UK, USA or in France, Government is seen from different angles. A State has duties and functions. In order to look after the welfare of their citizens, it tries to improve the reputation through taxation and benefit system. The main problem for most countries is the unemployment....
Who were the real revolutionaries in France in 1789: the nobility, the bourgeoisie or the peasantry?
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
In 1789, the French Revolution broke out. During the course of the revolution, various classes of French society became involved. The nobility, who had had their political power diminished prior to 1789 under Louis XIV's reign, yearned to have increased political power, and amongst them were also...
PESTEL analysis and Porter's Five Forces - Innocent Drinks Company
Case study - 10 pages - Management
Companies utilizing proactive approach cannot distance from conducting regular environment scanning to avoid hurried reactionary response to emerging trends. Performing a PESTEL analysis facilitates knowledge finer details of the external environment. In that view, the PESTEL analysis of Innocent...
The third way - published: 15/01/2009
Essay - 9 pages - Political science
In 1999, British Prime Minister Tony Blair and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder issued a joint statement entitled The Third Way, Die neue Mitte. The statement committed itself to a “newly defined role for the active state” and stated that “the essential function of markets must...
Assess the claim that Thatcherism decisively recast political and economic relationships in the 1980s - publié le 19/01/2009
Essay - 7 pages - Political science
Thatcherism is a political thought applied by the 3 successive governments led by Margaret Thatcher, from 1979 to 1990. It quickly evolved as a doctrine. Thatcherism came at a time when the post-war consensus was collapsing, and aimed at checking the decline of the British economy, suffering...
Equity valuation measure - what can they tell us?
Essay - 4 pages - Finance
A yield curve is a curve which represents graphically the interest rate of same quality of credit bond related to a precise moment. The point is that those bonds have not the same date of maturity (long-term and short-term rates). The yield curve represents the price of what we can call...
