Extract
[...] II- the 2nd empire 1852-1870 Authoritarian Phase (1852-1860) - Justification of the coup d'état through plebiscites vote by direct male suffrage on a question to which citizens answer yes or no) in order to legitimize itself + Exile of several Republican and socialist leaders to Algeria, Guyana - Strengthening of press surveillance which must pay deposits before publishing articles ? In less than a year, dozens of newspapers disappear all over France. But also surveillance at the level of high schools, universities and theaters. [...]
[...] The Senate is created, these two chambers with the Assembly can only propose amendments. - People suspected of opposing the regimes are directly exiled to the colonies and do not appear before a court. Liberal Phase (1860-1869) - Whether it is political or economic, the regime is deeply liberal. Politically, liberalism prevails a national sovereignty of the nation through its representatives (marked by the head of state), the valuation of the individual and his freedoms, the refusal of absolutism as well as the neutrality of the state in religious matters. [...]
[...] To answer this question, we will see the situation of the Republicans through the different regimes that France has known, that is to say the 2nd2nd republic 1849-1852 the Second Empire of 1852 to 1870 and finally the beginning of the 3rd2nd republic (III). The 22nd Republic 1848-1852 The beginnings of this new republic - the provisional government put in place several progressive measures ? Abolition of slavery, proclamation of the right to work, limitation of working hours to 10h in Paris / 12h in the provinces, ? [...]
[...] III- the 3rd Republic 1870-1879 The challenges: war & Paris Commune Foundation and rooting of this one Thus, as we have observed, France, from the beginning of its contemporary era, has experienced a very strong political instability and has gone through several types of regimes: monarchies, republics, and empires. Yet, the republican thought, despite different disparities within its own movement as well as strong oppositions against it, has still managed to impose itself, leaving the 3rd Republic as the most stable regime since the French Revolution. Indeed, we will no longer change the type of regime since. [...]
[...] Testifies to the great disparity between republicans themselves: moderates, socialists, anti-revolutionaries,? - This new government seeks to create a solid regime, carried by a providential and strong man, capable of guaranteeing the interests of the bourgeois class and therefore takes antisocial measures, notably the closure of national workshops, which provokes workers' insurrections. But these are violently repressed, in addition to the arrest of the great social leaders (Raspail, Albert, Louis-Napoléon becomes the president - Drafting of the Constitution of this republic which provides for a single assembly elected for 3 years and a strong executive power with a president elected by direct suffrage for 4 years. [...]
