Abstract
Before the 1940s, there were two schools of thought: the integrationists, who favored the economic and civic equality of the Whites and the separatists, advocating separation of the Blacks from the White community, and even suggesting a return to Africa. The Civil Rights movement that took place between 1955 and 1963 was represented by several integrationist organizations like the CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), founded 1943 and the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), founded 1957 with Martin Luther King. Between 1963 and 1970 separatist groups opted for revolutionary violence and self-defense. These included the SNCC (the Student Non-violent Coordination Committee), the Black Power, the Black Panthers (with Huey P Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver). Today, there are still many movements like the Rainbow coalition (with Jesse Jackson) to include all oppressed minorities and the racist Islam groups and the anti-Semitic group who organized the One-Million-Man March in October 1995.
