Abstract
Globalization is the process of going to a more interconnected world economically, politically and culturally. There are many forces which interact with each others in this process. The most important are key players, but there are also other players which are also important in this process. All of this forces influence the outcome of globalization which is focused on profits and on interest.
One of the most important forces is supranational bodies. These bodies are international organizations which assemble many countries but do not depend on one country. They can be separated in two main parts. On the first hand there are trade agreements, such as the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) or the World Trade Organization (WTO). The first one was founded in 1947 to encourage free trade between countries. Its aim was to stimulate free trade in goods and services between countries by setting down protectionism, reducing quotas, tariffs and taxes. This fall in the transport costs led to an increasing flow in transports as taxes were low, and it lowered prices of goods and services. But it also led to loss of jobs, in UK for instance, caused by cheap imports. In 1995, the WTO replaced GATT. It was set to supervise the implementation of trade agreements and to settle trade disputes in all over the world.
On the other hand, there are organizations, such as United Nations or International Monetary Fund (IMF). In 1994 this type of multilateral aid was set to help redistributing money from richer to poorer countries. It contributes to oversea the global economy and so contributes to globalization. The funds come from contribution of richer country, and there is no political aim, but some countries like USA detain a veto. Indeed, USA has 17% of the vote, and a decision is taken when it has above than 85% of the votes. A good example of this aid is the case of Greece. Richer countries like USA, GB or France give money to IMF which gives it to Greece. Supranational bodies control economic globalization. Nevertheless, other forces can lobby on these supranational bodies, and influence more globalization.
