Abstract
The text is a chapter extracted from a book about employment models in Europe and their evolutions. This is the first chapter of the book so it is a kind of general introduction (although it is long, comprehensive and well-structured) to the rest of the book.
This document seems to be a research article, with a lot of empirical examples to validate theories. In this chapter, authors try to understand how both external and internal pressures can change institutions which determine employment models. Their aim is to make the employment relationship central in order to understand changes on a national scale in the recent context of globalization (service economy in western countries) and the development of new technologies.
As they assert it in the introduction, these national models have to face challenges which necessarily change them. What is interesting is that, in order to understand how such changes occur, these scholars look further than typologies and try to explain that employment models are really typical of one country because all countries do not have all the same capabilities to respond to challenges.
The first part of the chapter is a summary of what previous scholars did in order to classify models in typologies. In my opinion, this part is particularly relevant because they insist on the fact that typologies are not sufficient to explain changes in models.
