Abstract
Since the middle of the 20th century and the beginning of globalization, a phenomenon of mass migration has appeared. It thus led to an unprecedented cultural mix. Therefore, the Western states had to find a way to cope with this new challenge. Each country developed its own model: the French assimilation, the British multiculturalism, or the Dutch and German cultural pluralism. However, if this models were efficient in some cases such as the integration of the Hindu minority (Koopmans et al, 2005), one culture is still a problem for the Western policy-makers. The Muslim community and the question of its integration are unchaining passions in the European media. Moreover, this social unrest is traduced in the recent rise of the political extreme-right, such as the French Front National.
Furthermore, the question of the compatibility between Islam and the West has been aroused by the possible integration of the Turkey in the European Union. Turkey can be considered as different of the current members of the EU: according to Bolkestein (2006), the history of Europe was shaped by Judeo-Christian values, which differ from the Islamic ones that have shaped the Turkish history. It is important to define the Western and the Muslim values in a first place. One would say that the key Western value is definitely the liberalism.
