China global power, communist model, economic reforms, international relations, Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, PRC, World Trade Organization, global economy
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Abstract
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Abstract
The People's Republic of China, established in 1949, has evolved into a major global power, driven by economic reforms and a unique communist model, despite facing challenges and criticisms.
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[...] This strategy proves to be profitable. While the USSR gradually sinks into an economic slump that leads the country to its collapse, China begins to reap the fruits of its economic reform policy. 2. The 1989 brake The turn operated by Deng Xiaoping is however far from making everyone agree among the Chinese. Many blame him for having limited his liberal impulses to the economic sector alone, without worrying about liberalizing political life by allowing, for example, multipartyism and the organization of free elections. [...]
[...] It then becomes what has been called the \"workshop of the world,\" that is, the largest industrial production pole on the planet. The country becomes increasingly wealthy, to the point of holding today the second-largest GDP in the world. Strong in its economic successes, China engages in a policy of modernizing its military apparatus aimed at consolidating its new status. Showing itself increasingly bellicose towards its neighbors with whom it has many border conflicts, particularly in the South China Sea, it is causing growing concern. This is indeed the last challenge it has to overcome. [...]
[...] The emergence of an ambitious power (since 1976) 1. The economic rupture Arrived in power in 1978, Deng Xiaoping engages China in deep reforms. Without questioning the authoritarian character of the regime on the political level, nor even its affiliation to the communist ideology, he engages a radical shift towards economic liberalism. Private property of production goods is authorized, and he invites Western investors to come and do business in China. In this objective, he creates along the Pacific coast economic special zones which offer favorable tax conditions to investors. [...]
[...] The two countries are even on the brink of war in 1969 over a border dispute. This division affecting the communist bloc is immediately taken advantage of by the United States. In 1972, President Nixon makes an official visit to the country, while a year earlier the permanent seat of the UN Security Council was transferred from the Republic of China (Taiwan) to the People's Republic of China (Beijing), now officially recognized. 3. The Golden Age of Maoism The 1960s represent the golden age of China in terms of international influence. [...]
[...] Dominated by Japan in the middle ofe century, China became the second world economic power at the beginning of thexxie century. Thanks to this prosperity, but also to its demographic weight, it has made itself indispensable in international negotiations. However, it remains to stabilize this stature so quickly acquired, because the main threat comes especially from within the country: the rise in the standard of living of the Chinese will not fail to increase the demands in favor of more democracy. Will the communist leadership be able to respond to it other than by force? [...]
