Abstract
The famous French poet Paul Valéry defined Europe as the geographic place in which one the Christianity has a huge influence on the spirit of society, the Roman Empire on legal systems, and where the philosophy is still inspired by Greeks thinkers. In this definition, the Europe tends to be seen as a civilization, but other thinkers such as Voltaire or Herodotus defend the fact that Europe is made of political systems in which the liberty and the law are important.
Nowadays, in Europe, inside and outside the European Union (EU), lots of politicians tend to denounce the Muslim immigration as a threat for the societies, as the French extreme-right candidate for the presidential elections Marine Le Pen. The Muslim population is seen in Netherlands by the population as incompatible with the western European state because it would be too authoritarian, especially with the children and the women. Indeed, 9 Dutch on 10 think that women in Netherlands are oppressed (Sniderman, 2007).
Because of the precepts of this religion, a conflict of values would occur between Western European and Muslim immigrants, and that in a lot of European states, at least in the spirit of the populations. Muslims in Europe are sometimes associated with terrorists, especially because of the conjuncture, just after the 09/11/2001 for example. The values of the Western European states can be defined around the notion of liberty and the equality notably between sexes. Sometimes, these values can be challenged by the radical precepts of Islam. But a country such as Turkey, which is led by an Islamic political party, succeeded in democratizing its institutions
