France overseas territories, DROM, COM, PTOM, UltraPeripheral Regions, overseas departments, French colonial Empire, territorial reforms, métropolisation, European opening
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Abstract
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Abstract
France has several overseas territories across the globe, including the Americas, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and Antarctica, with varying administrative divisions and challenges.
Extract
[...] In France, six 'dead' communes: zero inhabitant. New Regional Borders modified by a law of 16 January 2015 : 13 regions to which we add the five overseas departments and regions (Guadeloupe, Réunion, Mayotte, Guyane, Martinique). The region is the most junior territorial scale, loi du 2 March 1982. B. The need to find more operational territories Administrative organisation of France put into question due to the métropolisation and of theEuropean opening. Weight of metropolises increasingly important establishment of urban networks: organisation of the territory around cities will have more or less influence on the surrounding spaces. [...]
[...] 3. Poorly integrated peripheries A. Territories with characteristics of the 'countries of the South' Specific elements of the countries of the South: - Specificities of order demographic : tropical islands densely populated (Martinique), high birth rate, métissage: the overseas populations of overseas are often mixed with people from origins varied. Certain territories have not completed their demographic transition PED - Diversity cultural" integration problems related to the existence of several waves of emigration. Example from Guyana with more than six origins. [...]
[...] Laws will be taken to make intercommunality effective: - Law of 16 December 2010 : all municipalities must be attached to an EPCI Different types of EPCI: - Communauté de commune : regroupment of several communes regardless of their size - Communauté d'agglomération : regrouping ofat least 50,000 inhabitants around one or more central municipalities of 15,000 inhabitants - Urban Community : set of municipalities with more than 250,000 inhabitants - Metropolis : it may exercise [...]
[...] This comes into play when asking voters overseas if they want to see their status evolve. Creation of a collective against profiteering, outrageous exploitation: LKP. It brings together trade unions. Grave riots. Following this, a referendum was organized in French Guiana and Martinique by France to ask them if they wanted to change their status to become an Overseas Department = No. The links between overseas territories and metropolitan France remain forts" as evidenced by the results of the separatists (low score). [...]
[...] - Paris: over 11,000,000 inhabitants in the urban area in 2007 - Lyon: 1,700,000 inhabitants in the urban area Attempt to rebalance with the creation of metropolitan status. C. Living in the city today City : place of all economic inequalities, socials, environmental. They are more or less unequal: Neuilly-sur-Seine can be considered as the most unequal city in terms of standard of living. Environmental problems : Agenda 21. Instrument which allows local authorities tounderstand economic problems, socials" to which they are confronted. It brings them economic and social solutions. concrete solutions intended to treat problems. [...]
