The internal environment is composed of three main compartments: plasma, interstitial lymph, and intracellular fluid. Understanding the composition and functions of these compartments is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
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[...] We will focus on blood tests, which are of two kinds: ? Hematological tests ? Biochemical tests 3.1.1 Hematological tests : These are those that bring knowledge about the quality and quantity of the blood's formed elements. a. Blood smears: The formed elements of the blood are all cellular elements that make up the blood. - Understanding your blood test - Some hematological tests normal values of an NFS Possible abnormalities of an NFS Note that: -pénie= decrease in the number of elements shown in the blood -ose = non-inflammatory disease 3.1.2 Biochemical tests : Biochemical tests give dosages of chemical substances contained in the blood plasma. [...]
[...] des protéines (albumine, ? and ? globuline very diverse which are transporters, enzymes, hormones, ? globulines which are antibodies and fibrinogen) ? of nutrients: glucose, AA, AG transported by lipoproteins, ? des gaz respiratoire: O2 and CO2 - The lymph : it's a liquid transported by the lymphatic system. Its composition is similar to that of blood plasma, it contains white blood cells, including lymphocytes but it is devoid of red blood cells. It circulates in the lymphatic system (circulating lymph) or between cells (interstitial lymph). [...]
[...] All these liquids represent 20% of the body weight. The intracellular fluid (cellular cytoplasm) represents 40% of the body mass. Volumes of the different liquid compartments of the human body Formation of interstitial fluid The interstitial fluid is formed from plasma at the capillaries. Plasma is filtered from the arterial side of the capillaries and reabsorbed from the venous side of the fluid is reabsorbed and 10% join the lymphatic capillaries. Water and hydrophilic biomolecules are transported by the plasma, cross the capillary wall, join the interstitial lymph and then the intracytoplasmic medium. [...]
[...] The homoeostasis is the maintenance at a normal value of the different constants of the organism pH; blood composition . ) The homoeostasis is maintained and regulated thanks to the intervention of the nervous neurovegetative system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and the endocrine glands Homoeostasis: ability of the organism to maintain a relative stability of the internal environment. Composition of the internal environment 3 compartments constitute the internal environment: - The plasma : It is the liquid that circulates in the blood vessels (arteries, veins) in which bathe red blood cells (erythrocytes, white blood cells and platelets), as well as hydrophilic biomolecules. [...]
[...] The exchanges between the interstitial fluid and cells are important for maintaining the stability of the internal environment. Blood circulation brings oxygen and nutrients to the cells and these reject their waste (CO2, nitrogenous waste . ) for their excretion. Passive transport : by simple or facilitated diffusion, molecules (depending on their nature) can enter or leave cells. This transport does not require energy input. Active transport: it requires energy consumption. 3-1 Biological tests for monitoring the organism's constants Biological tests are the dosages of the components of the body fluids (blood, lymph, LCR, urine, secretion . [...]
