Species Formation and Evolution: A Scientific Analysis

Extract

[...] Based on these documents, we can then wonder if the Monarch and Viceroy butterflies are part of the same species due to the two following reasons: first, we observe significant morphological similarities that may suggest the presence of a kinship link, second, the Viceroy uses its similarity to the Monarch to its advantage to deceive its predators. However, it is only a matter of morphological and environmental criteria. To validate or not that they are of the same species, a molecular and genetic analysis is necessary. II. [...]

[...] nyererei males in the tank or favor males of color (not dull) if there are several species in the tank (mixing between species). Concerning the species of Pundmilia pundamilia, females prefer, in natural light, to mate with bright blue males if there are only males of their species (bright blue or dull) in the tank, or else prefer a blue male of their species if several are present. In orange light, females indifferently accept males of blue or dull color as a partner if there are only P. [...]

[...] Furthermore, we are informed that the quality of the environment is important for the fish of these species and that in an environment where their vision is not adapted, the choice of sexual partner will be disrupted. Finally, document 2d transmits us a last piece of information. The more the number of parasites is low, the more the color of the fish is vivid and vice versa. graph). Then, the more the size of the territory (in m²) of the fish is important, the fewer the number of parasites and vice versa (2ème graph). [...]

[...] However, basalt is a dark rock and sandstone or sand is a light-colored rock. Is the mouse trying to 'blend in' to its advantage in the landscape with a coat color adapted to its place of residence? Document 2 teaches us that the deer mice are mainly hunted by the great horned owl. This nocturnal hunter has an extremely developed vision (more than other birds in this geographic area) as well as a 360° head rotation. Thanks to this, it can see its prey at almost 300m. [...]

[...] Thanks to these documents and the knowledge acquired, we understand that the living environment influences the genetic diversity of the mouse population: the population is mainly composed of D alleles on a dark soil, and d allele on a light soil. Indeed, when an allele provides an advantageous trait, the individual is more likely to survive and reproduce. The frequency of this allele then increases in the population. It is the environment that selects these alleles: this mechanism is called natural selection. Exercise 2 - The formation of new species These two butterflies (Zerynthia cassandra and Zerynthia polyxena) belong to two 'twin' species. Very similar morphologically, they differ in the shape of their reproductive organs, preventing any hybridization. [...]