Why do European courts refuse to enforce U.S. punitive damages?
Essay - 6 pages - International law
In terms of civil liability in Continental Europe, the principle is to compensate only for the damage. Civil liability is not punitive. The purpose is only to put the victim back in the situation she knew before the operative event. If the behavior deserves a sanction, it is a matter of...
Anglo-German relations in the European Union, 1945-2019 - publié le 07/09/2023
Presentation - 10 pages - International relations
History showed that Germany and the United Kingdom were often enemies, even if they were also strongly dependent and linked on many levels. Indeed, they were commercial and industrial rivals before 1914, and then they fought against each other during the two World Wars. But more recently, they...
The Institutional Structure: The European Balance of Powers
Course material - 7 pages - European law
The European community created particular institutions, which were quite different from the usual skims of the separation of powers. In the traditional system of separation of powers, more or less separation is between executive, legislative and judicial power.
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO in 1951, but...
Towards a Kind of European Constitution? From the Saint-Malo Franco-British Meeting to the Lisbon Treaty (1998-2007)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
In 1998, Prime Minister Blair had to realize that the fact that GB did not participate in the Euro would actually marginalize her inside the European Union. He decided to recover the initiative, and to take up the subject of European defense, where GB could contribute in an important way, because...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
Towards a "Europe-puissance" or towards a free trade zone?
Course material - 8 pages - International relations
The development of the European Union, along the line of constant progress towards more integration, which more or less prevailed since 1950, appeared to stop suddenly in May 2005 with the French "No" to the so-called Constitutional Treaty. That problem has been solved, at least for now, with the...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
The European employment strategy - published: 15/06/2022
Dissertation - 7 pages - European union
Over the last ten years, employment has remained the top concern of Europeans, including new EU members. In fact, due to the lack of change in each national level, EU citizens have grown to trust the European Union more than their own governments to improve their country's employment...
The development and failure of the European system (1815-1945)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
There was a European system before the current European Union. Its roots went back to the 17th century and the Westphalian peace of 1648. It reached its maturity during the 19th century, after the Vienna Congress, and under the impression of 25 years of revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. It was...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of 1930). They stressed...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
Relationships between Serbia and the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Serbia also officially called the Republic of Serbia is a small sovereign state whose capital city is Belgrade. On June 5 of 2006, the Republic of Serbia was created after the independence of Montenegro which composed a federation (Serbia and Montenegro) since 2003 after the disruption of...
The most prominent events that the world and Europe have lived through, especially during the last decade, their repercussions and the most important measures taken to avoid or reduce their severity
Tutorials/exercises - 4 pages - Modern history
The origin of the crisis dates back to ancient times, when it was derived from the Greek word krino, meaning an important or decisive decision. From the political field, the crisis is considered: a case that discusses the aspects of the political system, which also requires a decision to confront...
Is the European neighborhood policy only a policy of exclusion which separates the EU from its close neighbors?
Essay - 5 pages - European union
Developed in the context of the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 at the Stockholm European Council in 2001, the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) as it is conceived today was designed to avoid the appearance of new dividing line in Europe. The main objective of the ENP is to...
Anatomy of the Russian disinformation campaign: understanding the complexity of a covert network as part of state policy and a military tool against Europe
Tutorials/exercises - 73 pages - Journalism
About two decades ago, it was impossible to imagine that foreign disinformation could actually affect the policy decision making or disturb social cohesion and solidarity in European countries. Back then, media outlets such as television, radio stations and newspapers enjoyed munificent funding...
Europe's spatial diversity
Essay - 3 pages - Geography
Europe has always played a major role in the development of the world, and, this, from the end of the Middle Ages, allowing it to conquer the Americas. Europe is one of the most diverse continents, it is the birthplace of the occidental civilization and it is an amazing mix of a lot...
Competitiveness of the European Union versus the main economic power of the world
Essay - 12 pages - Management
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union composed of 28 Member States born February 7, 1992 by the Treaty of Maastricht. With a total population of over 500 million inhabitants, the EU is the world's leading economic power and generates 25% of global GDP. It is also a...
Europe and the ports of religious symbols at school: an absence of obvious consensus
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
The Sahin v / Turkey is fundamental in that it tends to limit the risks of inconventionnalité edited measures against violators of the ban on the wearing of conspicuous religious symbols and after the decision Karaduman c / Turkey of 3 November 1993, already unfavorable to the applicants ......
Council of Europe
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
Julie Ringelheim also regrets the lack of definition in the Convention. The supervisory bodies have refused to broad interpretation But since large denominations, atypical movements benefit. No international convention gives. Moreover, faced with this difficulty, the Strasbourg Court was...
The United Kingdom, between Europe and the open sea: How does the UK combine its original model with EU membership ?
Essay - 1 pages - Geography
Today's Britain has the fourth GNP in the world A long-time favoured economic partner of the US and nurturing enduring ties with its former Empire, the UK is now clearly a European economic powerhouse. Some 60% of its exports and 50% of its imports are with EU partners, with Germany and France...
Are Consumers Interested In Ingredients? - Horse Meat Scandal, Europe
Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies
Time and again, most consumers purchase items from the shops including groceries and other food products without considering the ingredients that make up the food product or the grocery. However, recent findings and scandals regarding ready-made food and grocery, most notably, the horse-meat...
Europe vs America - different approaches to privacy
Essay - 5 pages - Civil law
Everything that people do within the internet leaves behind some digital fingerprints. This means that it is logical that most users of the internet worry a lot about the matter of privacy. Because laws of privacy are different from one country to another, a company may not be obligated legally...
European Sovereign Debt Crisis and its impact on financial markets and institutions
Essay - 5 pages - Finance
The European Sovereign Debt Crisis of was basically the failure of the Euro which was the monetary symbol that tied together 17 Countries across Europe (Arezki et. al, 2011). This therefore means that the start of all these is retraced back to the second world war in 1945. At this time...
European Union Influence in International Political Economy
Case study - 6 pages - Educational studies
International political economy is a field that tries to understand global and international problems through an electric interdisciplinary array of theoretical perspectives and analytical tool. It encompasses analysis of political economy in the global trade, international finance, multinational...
Electrolux home products Europe and Saab training systems
Case study - 3 pages - Management
Companies need to be structured to improve coordination between individuals and departments and optimize their efforts. They need to implement hierarchy. But there are different possible organizations. They have to find the most appropriated to their business.
Human resources in Europe
Essay - 10 pages - Human resources
For the last three decades, the liberalization of the exchanges and the development of the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) led the globalization of the economy. The flows of the FDI with the amount of 648 billion dollars in 2004 are sixteen times today than at its being in 1950 . The growth of...
Växjö the greenest city in Europe
Case study - 6 pages - Ecology & environment
In this paper we will talk about Växjö in terms of global warming and the effects of environmental responsibilities and the "green image" of companies. On the lower levels it is even better if there is cooperation between companies and municipalities, and when a municipality is involved in...
European labor markets: Characteristics and operation (including the role of trade unions and long term unemployment); impact of European integration and migration
Essay - 7 pages - Economic politics
The labor market is truly a special market because labor is not like any goods. Labor market involves particular regulations and arrangements because what is sold is people's time and skills. Besides the economic goal of performance there is also a social requirement to fulfill. This is why labor...
The abolition of death penalty in France and Turkey: History, similarities and differences of two lateness abolitions in Europe.
Essay - 17 pages - Political science
Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the killing of a personal by judicial process for retribution and incapacitation. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences . Death penalty exists since the Antiquity. Effectively if we follow...
