The Cecchini report - 20 years later
Essay - 4 pages - Modern history
With the Maastricht Treaty, in 1992, the European Community will now be a single market composed of twelve countries, with no more barriers between them. This change was of course studied and analyzed before coming into force. The European Commission, in 1986, mandated Mr...
The marketing tools of the low cost airline companies
Thesis - 31 pages - Services marketing
The low cost concept was first introduced in 1971 in the United States, with the launch of a new company called "Southwest Airlines". However, the concept only gained popularity and set the cash registers ringing with the creation of Ryanair in 1991. Backed by its pioneering pricing policy, the...
Ikea - Easyjet: a common low-cost concept
Case study - 8 pages - Management
How is the choice of a comparison between two companies which are not operating in the same segment motivated? Indeed, nothing (or almost nothing) seems common between Ikea and EasyJet, except that 'if you look closely, you can perceive a common basis, a concept that both companies have made...
Explain and discuss the effectiveness of the EC Treaty provisions concerning state aids in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market
Essay - 12 pages - International relations
As recognised by the EC Treaty, state aids are important and necessary policy instruments to achieve social and economic goals. However, depending on the way in which they are given, State aids can have a material impact on competition, leading to significant distortions to the common market. An...
The protection of consumers on Internet
Essay - 15 pages - Other law subjects
The recent boom of the internet in Europe and the emergence of a new kind of commerce (e-commerce) led to a widening of the commercial offers that can be proposed to the consumers. Simultaneous with such an expansion in internet offering come the demand for online security regarding the rights...
How do Toy industries react about the problem of counterfeiting & product piracy?
Essay - 9 pages - Business strategy
The fight against counterfeiting is a battle which requires an approach on many levels. It is estimated that counterfeit toys account for 12 per cent of the European toy market. Counterfeiting is a danger for the health of the consumer whose undermines industries and makes criminal...
Tesco and the organic market
Case study - 11 pages - Services marketing
Tesco is the leading retailer in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest food retailers in the world. It is not limited solely to the food market and has expanded into areas such as electrical goods and clothing. Tesco has its headquarters in Hertfordshire and employs about 318,300 people. The...
Training in a company: The example of McDonald's
Case study - 5 pages - Human resources
Lifelong learning? The hamburger chain McDonald's knew what the term meant before it gained popularity. “Training is rooted in our corporate culture," said Sabine Gekiere, HR manager at McDonald's in Belgium. "It's part of our DNA." It is now possible to enhance the internal...
Strategic management of De Beers
Essay - 18 pages - Management
In 1888, De Beers Mine appeared following the emergence of global monopoly of De Beers over 90% of the prevailing world market for rough diamonds for over a century. In 1933, Ernest Oppenheimer founded the Diamond Corporation Ltd., which includes most of South African producers and the Central...
SWOT Analysis - Nokia
Case study - 47 pages - Services marketing
The market of mobile telephony was created in the early years of the 90s and was developed with a strong growth until 2000. In the last 5 years, this market has experienced less rapid development due to the fact of the existing intense competition and rate of penetration of new companies in the...
Media policy in Europe
Case study - 6 pages - Educational studies
Multiplicity, as well as, pluralism is the background main beliefs that cause most of the wiles in the European communication also media strategy. Accordingly, the affirmative significance related to these concepts may be subjugated in the wiles for diversified, as well as, continuous...
Brazil - The crisis and forecasts
Thesis - 4 pages - Economy general
The two main issues which have dominated the EU and Brazil were "a new world governance" to collaborate between rich and poor countries and the rejection of protectionism. The summit meeting convened to develop an effective and strategic plan was attended by Mr. Sarkozy, the Brazilian...
Strategy monograph: Colas Rail, Turnkey produts
Case study - 22 pages - Business strategy
Colas Rail continues to be the French leader in the rail-track laying business. Its leading role in this business is partly due to its unique ability to deliver turnkey products to its clients. The company has been active in all the spheres of railway business, from building up to the maintenance...
The Representation of the Struggle for Rights in Contemporary Aboriginal Painting - published: 29/09/2010
Essay - 4 pages - Arts and art history
Art is vital for history, as monuments, sculptures, paintings and literary works of art are often the only remaining testimony about ancient times. When dealing with modern or contemporary events, a greater amount of non-artistic material is available; yet art is still important as it can reflect...
What effects does globalization have on emerging markets?
Essay - 3 pages - Economy general
Following the abandonment of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the US and Great Britain started to spread their market-oriented policies leading to what we call today, globalization. The European Commission defines globalization as 'the process by which markets and production in...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of...
What are the challenges facing the EU in its attempts to establish democratic institutional structures ?
Thesis - 7 pages - European law
“It is time to recognise that the Union has moved from a diplomatic to a democratic process, with policies that reach deep into national societies and daily life” . This statement by the European Commission subsumes ten years of political and academic on-going debate on...
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO...
The two equality directives of 2000: False-twins
Essay - 22 pages - European union
2007, the “European Year of Equal Opportunities for All” in the European Union ended a few months ago, stressing on the question of the current anti-discrimination law in the Union. This initiative of the Commission took place in a general movement of the...
Activity analysis and strategies of the Accor group
Case study - 8 pages - Business strategy
With nearly 8 billion Euros in sales, Accor is the European leader in hotels and world No. 1 in business services and public institutions. Major player worldwide, the group is present in 140 countries and employs over 168,000 people. The Group operates hotel brands present in all market...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers,...
The Privatization of France Telecom
Thesis - 10 pages - Business strategy
France Telecom experienced a period of profound transition between 2004 and the first half of 2005. The transition process was brought about via a change to the strategic plan with the success of Ambition FT 2005, marking the completion of the financial turnaround of the group and the...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
Anglo-German relations in the European Union, 1945-2019
Presentation - 10 pages - International relations
History showed that Germany and the United Kingdom were often enemies, even if they were also strongly dependent and linked on many levels. Indeed, they were commercial and industrial rivals before 1914, and then they fought against each other during the two World Wars. But more recently, they...
Future Opportunities, Threats, Challenges and Goals of the European Union
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The European Union is the largest and most successful political and economic union in the world, making it a key player. Research on the European Union focuses mainly on its construction, its functioning, the challenges and threats it faces. Our research aims to examine the...
Review of "Thinking communication" by Dominique Wolton
Book review - 10 pages - Management
Communication is one of the strongest symbols of the twentieth century. Its ideal is to bring people, cultures and values at the heart of the European democratic model. Moreover, the success of communication is such that many people combine media and new technologies. But are they right?...
Company strategy of Trophy Radiology
Case study - 5 pages - Business strategy
This company has specialized in radiology since 1946. They manufacture and distribute Medical and Dental Radiology materials. Michel Vannoye took over the company in 1980 and the company has grown rapidly and continuously since then. It operates on two SBAs i.e. medical activities (including...
Are IFRS standards beneficial to the French companies?
Dissertation - 46 pages - Accounting
Multiple accounting policy discrepancies have raised awareness that a solution should be found to harmonize and unify accounting standards. Thus, in 1973, ten countries got together to try to respond favorably to this issue and they established the IASC (International Accounting Standards...
European Court of Human Rights, Hirst vs United Kingdom (No. 2) [2005] ECHR 74025/01 - The mechanism to promote judicial and national dialogue
Law case study - 3 pages - International law
This document critically examines the impact of the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Hirst v United Kingdom (No. 2) [2005] ECHR 74025/01 as a mechanism to promote judicial and national dialogue. In Hirst v United Kingdom, the country faced the European Court of...
The development and failure of the European system (1815-1945)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
There was a European system before the current European Union. Its roots went back to the 17th century and the Westphalian peace of 1648. It reached its maturity during the 19th century, after the Vienna Congress, and under the impression of 25 years of revolutionary and Napoleonic...
