Towards a Kind of European Constitution? From the Saint-Malo Franco-British Meeting to the Lisbon Treaty (1998-2007)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
In 1998, Prime Minister Blair had to realize that the fact that GB did not participate in the Euro would actually marginalize her inside the European Union. He decided to recover the initiative, and to take up the subject of European defense, where GB could contribute in an...
How to explain the "Yes" victory of Brittany in the 2005 European Constitutional Treaty in France?
Case study - 9 pages - Political science
The French (and the Dutch) rejection of the European Constitutional Treaty in the spring of 2005 led to stop the European integration project on a global scale. For the first time, two countries, which founded the European Coal and Steel Community, the European...
French's rejection of the European Constitution
Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies
What is the research question in this article? Several months after the French referendum, Gilles Ivaldi is trying to answer to the question “How can we characterize the disapproval of the French referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty held on 29 May 2005?” The main...
French's rejection of the European Constitution - publié le 04/12/2013
Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies
What is the research question in this article? Several months after the French referendum, Gilles Ivaldi is trying to answer to the question “How can we characterize the disapproval of the French referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty held on 29 May 2005?” The main...
Understanding the Rejection of the European Constitution in France through the Interaction of Politics and Public Opinion
Essay - 17 pages - Political science
After years of intense negotiations between member States, the European Convention led by former French President Valéry Giscard d?Estaing submitted the final draft of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (hereafter referred to as "TECE") on July 15th, 2003. The aim of...
"Strengthening the Right to a Healthy Environment: Constitutional and European Perspectives"
Summary - 3 pages - Constitutional law
"Discover the evolving landscape of environmental law as the right to a healthy environment gains constitutional and European recognition. Since 2005, France has enshrined this fundamental right, leveraging constitutional and European protection to hold public authorities and...
Constitution and European Union Law
Essay - 3 pages - Administrative law
The complex relationship between the French Constitution and European Union law, and the role of the administrative judge in reconciling the two.
To what extent can the Spanish model of citizenship be used for the European Union? Examine the rights and duties of the citizen under the Spanish Constitution as well as the conciliation of various regional aspirations and feelings. In what way is this - published: 09/01/2009
Essay - 5 pages - Constitutional law
According to many commentators and journalists, the European Union would be challenged by some crisis, each of them having different natures: for instance, European regions, whereas they could be a good complement for European governance, are increasingly perceived as a...
"The European Union's agenda for constitutional reform, as first set out in the Laeken Declaration, has been and remains an urgent priority." Discuss the above statement
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The European Union is constantly evolving. We are currently in the middle of the ratification process by Member States of the Lisbon Treaty ? or Reform Treaty ? which seems to mark the end of a constitutional agenda that was started by the Laeken Declaration in the aftermath of the Nice...
To what extent can the Spanish model of citizenship be used for the European Union? Examine the rights and duties of the citizen under the Spanish Constitution as well as the conciliation of various regional aspirations and feelings. In what way is this
Essay - 6 pages - European union
According to many commentators and journalists, the European Union would be challenged by some crisis, each of them having different natures: for instance, European regions, whereas they could be a good complement for European governance, are increasingly perceived as a...
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of...
The European Union and its International Role - Towards a European Federation? (From the European Conference in The Hague to the Rome Treaties, 1948-1957)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
Already during the war, many Resistance groups asked themselves how to stop the cycle of recurring European wars. After 1945, many groups and associations suggested going back to the European ideas of the 20s, which included the concept of a European Union (Briand Plan of...
Jean-Claude Junker's vision for the European Union: the first steps towards federal integration?
Essay - 8 pages - European union
In his 2017 White Paper, Jean-Claude Junker, president of the European Commission, proposes five possible scenarios concerning the European Union's future after Britain's definite departure in 2019. These scenarios range from "nothing but the single market" -- where the...
European Union (EU) Law - Introduction and the different stages of integration
Course material - 8 pages - European law
European construction was imagined by politicians and people centuries ago but was achieved after WWII. In middle age, cities developed trade, and at that moment national markets were created. Traders were moving from a city to another, and these citizens made the rules of mercatoria. The...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers,...
The development and failure of the European system (1815-1945)
Course material - 7 pages - Modern history
There was a European system before the current European Union. Its roots went back to the 17th century and the Westphalian peace of 1648. It reached its maturity during the 19th century, after the Vienna Congress, and under the impression of 25 years of revolutionary and Napoleonic...
In the European Union, how can the current generation gap be bridged?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
The generation gap is not exclusive to our time. In fact, this phenomenon has been documented in literature since antiquity. In each generation, an arbitrary label is given to each side, but the deepest essence of the gap remains the same: economic, social, and political divergence of points of...
Is the European Union still relevant nowadays?
Essay - 2 pages - European union
In his declaration of May 1950, in the aftermath of World War II, Robert Schumann emphasized the goal of peace that the European Union (EU) has to play in European politics. Throughout its history, the EU evolved and gained more and more power over several aspects of our lives. The...
Constitution - Comparative study between American and French constitution
Course material - 2 pages - Constitutional law
This document is a comparative study in the form of questions/answers about french and US constitutions.
The English Constitution and the Monarchy
Presentation - 16 pages - Constitutional law
This document is a presentation tackling the English Constitution and Monarchy, explaining the rule of law in the United Kingdom.
European Arrest Warrant and Equal Treatment for Third-Country Nationals
Law case - 3 pages - European law
The Italian Constitutional Court examines the constitutionality of a 2000 law regarding social benefits for third-country nationals and its relation to the European Arrest Warrant.
How does Hungary's and Poland's illiberal approach to democracy, accompanied by a nationalistic retreat, constitute a break with the values of the European Union?
Essay - 4 pages - European union
On 28 July 2014, at the twenty-fifth summer university in B?ile Tu?nad, Romania, Viktor Orbán declared: "The new state we are building in Hungary is not a liberal state, it is an illiberal state based on the value of labour." Indeed, since he came to power in Hungary in 2010, and won the...
The role of European Parliament: Its positive contributions and weaknesses
Thesis - 3 pages - European union
The European parliament is the parliamentary body of the Union; it can be defined as the expression of the democratic will of all the 450 million citizens of the union in 25 states since 2004. Currently there are 732 members, called the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). The...
Freedom of religion: an endangered freedom but protected by the European Convention on Human Rights
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
To quote Professor Catherine Teitgen-Colly, "political pluralism, respect for human rights and the rule of law have become true" statutory conditions ". In terms of the constituent rights of democratic society, the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Convention are not only individual rights...
The Limits of the European Model : the Failure of the Federal Dream
Course material - 3 pages - European union
The notion of "solidarité des faits" has always been the core of the EU, and the idea was that an integrated EU would grow step by step, and that it would unite people. However, there was a debate about the final goal of the EU: it should go above the way to what is a federation, but should never...
Compare and contrast the impact that European Integration has had on Croatia and Switzerland
Essay - 6 pages - European union
According to E. Bomber and A. Stubb (2003) , the European integration is 'a process by which sovereign states relinquish (surrender or pool) national sovereignty to maximize their collective power and interests.' Usually, the European integration involves different...
Core values of International Relations - Saudi Arabian national Constitution
Case study - 5 pages - Educational studies
The Saudi Arabian national Constitution and concept of rule of law is based on the Qur'an, which identifies itself as the rule of law. The 1992 Constitution or the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia clearly states that the kingdom is a sovereign State with Islam as the religion of the...
What are the fundamental principles of the European model of relations between States and religion?
Case study - 4 pages - Educational studies
Furthermore, the Court draws a in concreto analysis of the real potential to seize political power. The Court analyzes the danger. This should be "tangible and immediate." The dissolution of a political party must meet a pressing social need: the Court in Refah, analyzes the chances of completing...
