North Atlantic Pact (NATO)
Case study - 7 pages - Political science
April 4, 1949 witnessed the signing of the Treaty of the North Atlantic (or Atlantic Pact) thus marking the birth of the NATO military alliance between the United States, Canada and 10 European countries: France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg, the...
Closed door meeting of North Atlantic Council: NATO-Russia relations
Thesis - 3 pages - International relations
Vladimir Putin's Russia is no longer the towering superpower it had been twenty years ago, and its influence and military might are considerably less of a force in global politics. But, thanks to a huge and poorly maintained nuclear arms force, the growing instability in the Caucasus, Central...
The Atlantic facade of North America
Essay - 6 pages - Geography
Defining keywords: A coastline is a coastal area, which provides an interface (space contacts, exchanges) between a continental hinterland and a foreland ocean connected by dense and varied communications. This is an area of production and trade activities which led to a phenomenon of coastal...
NATO and the European Union: less influence on members than on applicants in the case of Romanian Intelligence agencies
Case study - 10 pages - International relations
In 2014, during the presidential campaign, Romania's departing conservative president, Traian Basescu, declared that his principal rival, prime-minister Victor Ponta, was an undercover agent working for the foreign intelligence service. In a country where the specter of the brutal Communist...
France in NATO, in practice, not in principle?
Essay - 9 pages - Political science
In August 2011, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France praised NATO's military intervention in Libya operation, calling the Alliance "an indispensable tool" . He added that the success of the operation justified his decision to integrate France into NATO's military command in...
Phrases (Peace - Defense - Disarmament) and... bases - Viktor Govorkov (1952) - Relations between the United States and the USSR in the early 1950s
Artwork commentary - 2 pages - Modern history
On March 12, 1947, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, announced his concern about the "Communist threat" before Congress. He thus establishes the American doctrine: "I believe that the United States should support free peoples who resist attempts at enslavement [...]. I believe...
The Arctic Route
Case study - 3 pages - International relations
The document analyzes the topic of the Arctic Route. It focuses on the different actors involved as well as on related stakes. The Arctic Route, or the Northern Sea Route, is a maritime path connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans along the Russian Arctic coasts, presenting a shorter...
The relations between France and NATO
Case study - 8 pages - International relations
France is one of the founding members of the Atlantic Alliance, whose creation is materialized in the signing in Washington, April 4, 1949 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Defence (NATO) that it instituted. The alliance thus formed is to...
To What Extent Have the United States and Europe Grown Closer or Further Apart After September 11?
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
September 11, 2001 appears to be a major turning point in the American management of foreign affairs. Europe, as a major partner and ally, is also impacted by this attack. The objective of our analysis will be to determine the consequences of these. Moreover, the exponential rise in power of...
The French return to NATO's military command structure: Anything beyond great expectations?
Thesis - 6 pages - International relations
The official announcement of France's return to NATO's military command structure triggered a many-fold debate on both the futures of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Would France's...
Towards a European Defense?
Course material - 7 pages - International relations
The problem of a European defense system is not new: we remember the Brussels Treaty of 1948, which was a military alliance between GB, France and the Benelux countries, including a common European general staff which was stationed in Fontainebleau, until it was taken over by NATO...
The Possible Geopolitical Consequences of Further Enlargements of the EU
Course material - 6 pages - Political science
The big enlargement of the EU in 2004 and the last one in 2007 to Bulgaria and Romania have been greeted with skepticism or even hostile reactions in large sectors of European public opinion. This situation, which probably contributed to the failure of the Constitutional Treaty in France...
US Foreign Policy: Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism
Essay - 3 pages - Political science
In the course of international relations, the United States, as usual, faces a challenge that consists of two choices in strategy dictating methods of dealing with international problems. A feature of multilateralism, not a unilateral one, is international cooperation and participation between...
The Donbass, How Vladimir Putin, sower of instability, became surrounded by it
Case study - 9 pages - International relations
Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2014 was motivated by a fear of NATO's expansion and Mr Putin's pursuit of the Eurasian Economic Union, as an imagined counterweight to the European Union. The conflict started following the ousting of former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych....
US Foreign Policy since 2001: President Bush's first term
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
The period since 2001 has been a highly active one for the US: they waged a war in Afghanistan, another in Iraq and they may be preparing another one against Iran. The official rational in Washington, at least initially, for that activity, under the motto of "the war against terror", was the...
NATO: Past, present, future
Essay - 4 pages - International relations
Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, and NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is always in the news, and has remained so for 58 years. NATO refers to the organization, (the institutions and military capacities,) that was created by the North...
How the Trump Administration Refashioned American Strategy - Elbridge A. Colby and Aaron Wess Mitchell (2020) - The first Trump administration : isolating allies and encouraging enemies
Text commentary - 10 pages - Political science
I choose to work on the reading How the Trump Administration Refashioned American Strategy written in 2020 by Elbridge A. Colby and Aaron Wess Mitchell. When Donald Trump announced that he would seek the Republican nomination in June 2015, the media described him as an eccentric billionaire and...
Treaty of alliance and mutual assistance between his majesty with respect to that of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the President of the French Republic, signed at Dunkirk, on 4 March 1947
Essay - 13 pages - Political science
In March 1947, an historic alliance treaty was sealed between Britain and France. Indeed, it conveyed for the former a dramatic shift in its traditionally cautious and reserved foreign policy towards continental Europe in general and France in particular. The Entente Cordiale of 1904 had...
The role of NATO in Afghanistan - publié le 29/09/2010
Essay - 11 pages - International relations
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been in Afghanistan since August 2003 to command the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which was created on December 20, 2001, by Security Council Resolution 1386 of the United Nations, in...
Ending Cold War legacies and facing new threats together: Is there a foreseeable future for Russia within NATO?
Case study - 4 pages - International relations
In the light of recent developments and Russia's Foreign Policy turn of the past decade, this study will try to weigh out the country's position toward the West, and more specifically toward the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Will the future confirm...
The role of NATO in Afghanistan
Essay - 11 pages - International relations
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been in Afghanistan since August 2003 to command the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which was created on December 20, 2001, by Security Council Resolution 1386 of the United Nations, in...
How does the Treaty of Lisbon modify European Union's foreign policy?
Case study - 8 pages - European union
Most European citizens expect the European Union (EU) to play a more significant role on the international stage. According to a survey conducted in France in June 2007 , 70% of the French respondents agree with the idea that EU might have a common foreign policy vis-à-vis other countries and...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - France and Germany
Course material - 11 pages - Political science
Since the origins of the European project, Europe has depended on close Franco-German cooperation. As we have seen, all the big moves forward were possible because of the basic Franco-German agreement; the last major instance was Maastricht in 1992. The other countries had to follow. Of course,...
Is NATO still relevant ? - publié le 29/08/2006
Essay - 7 pages - International relations
All alliances are like roses: they wither and decay, said General de Gaulle, the former French President. The NATO or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization looks like a counter-example to this statement. During the Munich Conference, the US Deputy Secretary of...
The Interplay of National and European Considerations in the Foreign Policy of EU Members - The Countries Other than France and Germany
Course material - 8 pages - Political science
France and Germany alone can no longer call the tune in the EU. They henceforth have to take much more into account the agenda of the other members. We shall see first that agenda, regrouping, of course, the different countries into larger groups along their affinities, and then the possible...
How did Anthony Lake's ideas shape US strategy in the context of the immediate post-cold war period?
Presentation - 5 pages - Political science
This document is about Anthony's Lake contribution in US strategy post-cold war.
The United States and the World: A New World Order?
Course material - 7 pages - Political science
We remember George Bush's optimism in 1990: he had announced "A New World Order", resting on the promotion of liberal democracy and free enterprise everywhere, resting on the UN (at last again effective due to the end of the Cold War) and on American benevolent hegemony. One could have the...
Towards a European Confederation? From de Gaulle's Return to Power to the Milan European Summit (1958-1985)
Course material - 6 pages - Modern history
After the failure of the federal concept and the more prudent approach of the Rome Treaties, for about 30 years, the European Economic Community (EEC) seemed to develop more along the concept of a European Confederation, not a Federation, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, Robert Schuman or...
The United States and the World: Bush's Second Term and Current Trends in the US Foreign Policy Establishment
Course material - 9 pages - Political life and election
After Bush's re-election in November 2004, there were some doubts about the kind of policy he would now follow, after the occupation of Iraq had revealed itself as a much more difficult undertaking than what the Administration had contemplated. Many felt at the time the President would vastly...
Is NATO still relevant ?
Essay - 7 pages - International relations
General De Gaulle once said that all alliances are like roses: they wither and decay. NATO might be a counter-example or it might not. While during the Munich Conference, the US Deputy Secretary of Defense, Paul Wolfowitz, claimed “As an alliance we have never been stronger. We have...
