Abstract
Greeks and Romans amassed a remarkable amount of information about the world, which was known to them, and developed a dense literature about their explorations, and their scholarships drew up sophisticated geographical theories such as, about the earth's shape and size. But, with the collapse of the Roman Empire due to the Germanic invasions during the fifth and sixth centuries, their knowledge was scattered, lost or became unattainable because the Greek language became less used, and ideas and information spread slowly, and against resistance from one region to another, since then the culture became regional and stagnant. However, it suggests, with the quantity and the diffusion of geographical works, medieval Europeans had a strong interest for this subject. Also, we are led to wonder how far removed from antiquity were the medieval geographical theories and conceptions of the world, that is to say were their geographical notions an outcome or even advanced to those of the classical period, or did they develop themselves from different sources and were a critic of classical works? Thus we will examine on which points and for what reasons did geography of the Middle Age differ from that of the classical period.
