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[...] For her, it is only by combining these two elements that one can aim for a more equitable society. The notion of recognition is very important in her theory, because it helps to highlight and recognize that certain social groups are disadvantaged and must benefit from redistribution, if we want to take an equitable approach to society. In France, particularly to provide recognition to the most disadvantaged groups, redistributive policies in favor of the most disadvantaged people have been implemented, particularly concerning the school institution. [...]
[...] Feriel Kendil, an economics professor, defines social justice as: society ( . ) in which the share of social goods that each person receives is the due that belongs to them, and all members of society recognize and accept it equally and freely. A just society is a perfectly harmonious society (without conflicts), therefore totally unreal and abstract: it is an ideal society' In other words, social justice is a political and moral theory that aims to promote equality of opportunities between individuals without discriminating against them. [...]
[...] Thus, it will be possible to see that in order to promote these approaches to equity, there is a need according to the theories of justice to promote redistribution policies. II. Theories of justice allow us to think in terms of redistributive approaches The American philosopher, Nancy Fraser, formulates two hypotheses within the theories of social justice. According to her, justice can be either redistributive, in allowing for a more equitable distribution of resources in a given context or a justice of recognition, i.e. [...]
[...] In France, this recognition of students who do not benefit from the same opportunities because they belong to certain ethnic or social groups, leads to setting up specific devices, for example, to access French grandes écoles, such as the access school program proposed in high schools located in priority neighborhoods of the city, in order to select a quota of young people from disadvantaged neighborhoods. Conclusion In summary, social justice theories allow us to consider school justice as the need to deliver identical knowledge to all students in a given territory, while ensuring them equal opportunities. While recognizing the specificity of certain social groups, and offering them the means to bridge this gap. [...]
[...] In short, equity allows for offering the same chances to everyone. Thus, it is a just objective that is promoted by major international institutions and tends to be applied by states that share this objective. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development indicates in these framework documents that: "By equity, we do not mean the achievement of the same educational results by all students, but rather the absence of a link between the differences in results between students and the environment from which they come or the economic and social factors over which they have no control." In education, equity means that students from different socio-economic backgrounds achieve similar levels of academic performance and social and emotional well-being, and have the same probability of obtaining a post-secondary education diploma. [...]
