Extract
[...] The market now offers a wide range of baby carriers. However, the evaluation of these aids has often been made mainly on the basis of material resistance criteria, often neglecting the importance of their adaptation to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the newborn. There are different ways to carry a child: horizontal or seated, on the hip, in front or on the back of the carrier. Most baby carriers for newborns provide a vertical seated position, with the child being carried in front of the carrier's chest; some are also designed to be carried on the back. [...]
[...] This approach establishes a stable sensory base, crucial for the child's affective and cognitive development (Winnicott, 1986)65. Robert-Ouvray highlights that motor holding mainly emphasizes the basic proprioceptive sensory system through micromovements, vibrations, tremors, rocking, jolts, and grasps, thus offering a rich and varied sensory stimulation (Robert-Ouvray, 2015) 4.1.3. Psychic Dimension of Holding The psychic dimension of holding manifests itself through the attentive and empathetic presence of the parent, who responds to the emotional and psychological needs of the child. This interaction, marked by wonder, encouragement, and understanding of the signs emitted by the baby, fosters a sense of importance and value in the child. [...]
[...] The baby lives in a world of emerging sensations where perceptions of self and other are primary. This period, called primary intersubjectivity by Trevarthen, is characterized by the baby's ability to share and associate perceptions. Exchanges are mainly made through physical contact and sensory stimuli, which provide a first form of presence and interaction with others. Towards the age of 2 to 3 months, emotions begin to dominate communication. The baby enters a phase where the sharing and association of emotions become essential. [...]
[...] This change reflected a return to traditional practices recognized for promoting parent-child bonding and child development. Baby carrying has traversed various phases throughout the 20th century, passing from a widely practiced method to a rediscovery influenced by broader cultural and social movements. Today, it is perceived as a beneficial means of responding to the needs of babies while strengthening the bond between parent and child, thus returning to ancestral practices. 1.2. Baby Carrying Around the World 1.2.1. Asia According to Blandine Bril (2008), French psychologist and anthropologist, baby carrying modes are not distributed randomly, but are influenced by climatic factors and the lifestyle of communities (sedentary or nomadic). [...]
[...] According to the study by Safeer Siddicky et al (2020), muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography (EMG) in five common positions: lying on the stomach, lying on the back, held in arms, in a baby carrier, and strapped into a car seat. The results indicate that carrying in a ventral position and in arms promotes muscular development of the neck and back, while prolonged time spent in restraint devices, such as car seats or strollers, can be detrimental. The baby's position during carrying appears to be determining for his physical development and neurological. By example, « the support adequate of the head and you cou est vital pour the new- newborns. [...]
