Extract
[...] Chap 2 : SOCIOLOGY OF POVERTY Foundational approaches and definitions Georg SIMMEL, 1908: "The poor" ? poverty: reduces choices + can result from a choice - England: poor law (early 19th): debate on poverty= Malthus ('too many guests at nature's banquet', poverty solution perhaps), Ricardo, liberals, Robert Owen - Germany: especially she who put in place things for poverty very early = law on poverty: poor law (voted in Prussia 1842, in German 1871) Under Frederick enlightened despotism ? duty of public policy + with Bismarck then, a social legislation 1883-1889 (Early on industrial revolution, literacy . [...]
[...] The word sociology was created between 1829 and 1842: Auguste Comte. (And we find in 1855, the term demography.) At the time, Louis Philippe was in power, Comte taught philosophy and in his 47th course, he pronounced the term 'sociology' (it's a neologism), which is found in his books. Before that, the term 'social physics' was used to talk about what happens between individuals and social groups in society. Comte wanted to make science, knowing that this century is known for the development of exact/experimental sciences. [...]
[...] In concrete terms, it's about protecting them against health expenses and supporting them. There is also the creation of a retirement system, an old-age insurance system (which inspired France during the liberation). Thus, by protecting people against social problems and eventually no longer depending on social assistance, that is to say charity. And instead, they depend on social insurance. Historically, we help the poor to the extent necessary to avoid social problems (e.g. being attacked leaving the Church) = Social Peace ? [...]
[...] - This is mainly the consequence of the industrial revolution, which is an economic change, but also social. - But also, the spiritual revolution with the contestation of Christian churches, and the development of secular ideas (e.g.: Darwin's theory of evolution, Protestant Reformation) development of freedom of thought scientifically independently of religious thought. Moses Hess: 'Berlin, Paris, London: The European Triarchy' 1841: « Germany, through the Reformation, has given the world spiritual freedom; France has given it political freedom through the revolution; England, which completes the work of liberation by bringing to the world social freedom. [...]
[...] To ensure public peace ? the well-being, comfort of others Disenchanted look at public and private charity and philanthropy Observation: we help those who ask for it and we help those we accept to help Distinguish: being poor and feeling in a situation of poverty (in comparison to someone who earns more for example) def: a situation of poverty is someone who recognizes themselves as poor, who asks for help and who accepts this help There is a right to ask for help, but is there truly a right to be assisted? [...]
