Social Movements Influence on Public Policies

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Social Movements Influence on Public Policies

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Social movements, public policies, Black Lives Matter, LGBT+ movement, feminism, MeToo, social change, political influence, legislative reforms, social media, online mobilization, discrimination, police violence, systemic racism, bioethics law, PMA, LGBTIphobias, SOS Homophobie, Schiappa law, sexist harassment, citizen movements, social norms, political practices, institutional resistances, cultural resistances, political will, sustained mobilization, hashtag activism, online media coverage, France, United States, George Floyd, marriage for all, LGBTI rights, feminist movement, sexual and sexist violence, medically assisted procreation, same-sex couples, single women, social justice, human rights, activism, social engagement, public action, policy change, legislative amendments, social practices, institutional change, cultural transformation, online activism, social media campaigns, hashtag movements, BLM, MeToo Movement, LGBT+ rights movement, feminism movement, social mobilization, public awareness, policy reforms, USA

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Abstract

This document examines the impact of contemporary social movements like Black Lives Matter, LGBT+ movement, and feminism on public policies, highlighting their ability to drive change and the challenges they face.

Extract

[...] This shows that the ability of a social movement to influence public policies is real, but often unequal. Conclusion [Balance Recent social engagements have allowed certain public policies in France and elsewhere to evolve. They have highlighted injustices, enabled the adoption of more inclusive laws, and raised public awareness. However, their effectiveness remains relative. Deep transformations require time, political will, and sustained mobilization. [Ouverture] Can we then ask: will recent citizen engagements, in the long run, transform institutions in a structural way or will they remain limited to symbolic adjustments? [...]

[...] Similarly, despite the progress of feminism, professional inequalities persist. Women remain minorities in leadership positions and are still victims of a wage gap. Changing the law is not always enough to transform social practices. The LGBT+ mobilizations are another example: while some rights have been obtained, such as marriage for all in 2013, daily discriminations remain, particularly in the world of work or health. Finally, the impact of social engagement often depends on the political context. A mobilization can be ignored or co-opted based on government priorities. [...]

[...] Similarly, the feminist movement MeToo, launched in 2017, has influenced reforms in France. The government has, for example, strengthened the fight against sexual and sexist violence, particularly with the Schiappa law of 2018, which creates a crime of sexist harassment. As for LGBT+ mobilizations, they have enabled major advances in civil rights. In France, the 2021 bioethics law has extended medically assisted procreation (PMA) to same-sex female couples and single women, a long-standing demand carried by LGBT+ associations. In addition, it is essential to highlight the specific role played by social networks in the emergence of these reforms. [...]

[...] But to what extent do they really influence public policies? [Formulation of the problem One can then wonder to what extent contemporary social commitments such as Black Lives Matter, the LGBT+ movement or feminism manage to weigh on public action. [Announcement of the plan In the first instance, we will see that these mobilizations have allowed public policies to evolve. In the second instance, we will show that their impact remains however partial and depends on many factors. I. Social movements as levers of political change Recent social engagements have shown their ability to evolve certain aspects of public policies. [...]

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