Extract
[...] My main approach is to establish a professional and free exchange in order to collect personal points of view on the situation of minors and the system in which professionals evolve. Questions Questions of rebond Hypotheses and Interests Can you tell me about your role and your experience with unaccompanied minors? - How long have you been accompanying minors? - What are your usual roles and attributions? - Do you often work in collaboration with other professionals? - This question is introductory, allowing me to understand what roles and support possibilities are available for the professional. [...]
[...] - Needs for framework, references and boundaries: through the presence of authority figures present daily. - Needs for identity: through accessibility to personal recognition and the right to define themselves as they wish. - Needs for self-esteem and self-worth: generally derived from a figure of authority and strong relational figures, a complete school education and adequate guidance for example. Therefore, the care of MNA must invest in the respect and completion of these needs, however, there are specific needs related to traumatic experiences that some children may live, such as violence or separations that we will address in the next part. [...]
[...] Secondly, access to education and vocational training must be systematically ensured. Several of the minors in our care had expressed their desire to pursue an ' learn », a desire that would allow them to both integrate and gain autonomy when they reach majority. It would then be interesting to set up partnerships with schools, but also with training centers or recreational and/or sports activity centers. In parallel, some of them find themselves lost during their schooling, as delays and gaps are not made up for. [...]
[...] However, these do not take into account, or even ignore, the effects of the traumas experienced by these minors that we mentioned earlier. Continuing on this logic, the suspicion is always present in the approach of professionals facing an MNA: the narrative is either too coherent or, on the contrary, either completely incoherent, which strongly compromises the protection owed to these minors. Crombé (2019) also specifies that the skills required of evaluators, such as geopolitics, are poorly adapted to the evaluation of the vulnerability of young migrants in France, and once again, presenting the limitations of a system influenced by restrictive migration policies. [...]
[...] Their unique status in France poses specific challenges and issues that deserve to be explored and deeply understood. PART CONTEXT AND ISSUES OF UNACCOMPANIED MINORS In this first part of the dissertation, we will present the theoretical knowledge acquired about unaccompanied minors, their health, their migratory needs, and government policies that involve the actions necessary for their protection, or on the contrary, disadvantage them. 1. The Unaccompanied Minor In accordance with the provisions taken by the European Union pact on migration and asylum, as well as the French Code on the entry and stay of foreigners and the right to asylum (CESEDA), all migrants have rights in European countries and in France. [...]
