Extract
[...] Man needs certainties to live stably, whereas uncertainty leads to stress, anxiety, and confusion. Another argument in favor of the opposing thesis is based on the idea that philosophy should aim to achieve universal truths, rather than simply questioning certainties. In a company, if an employee must choose between lying or not about a mistake made, if he only thinks about the fact that lying might avoid trouble, he might be tempted to justify the lie. But by adopting a philosophical approach, he would ask himself if it is moral to lie in all similar situations and would realize that honesty is a value to be respected. [...]
[...] Philosophy would not give fixed truths, but would push to always doubt the evidence. In the section " He who has no tinge of philosophy traverses existence, a prisoner of prejudices derived from common sense, habitual beliefs of his time or country, and convictions that have grown in him without the cooperation or consent of reason. », The author describes a person who has never practiced philosophy, therefore filled with prejudices, built by society and not by their own reflection. Philosophy would allow one to free themselves from a priori and preconceived ideas. [...]
[...] A third part begins fromAs soon as we start thinking in accordance with philosophy, on the contrary, we see ( . ) that even the most ordinary things in everyday life pose problems to which we find only very incomplete answers . ». The author then brings a contrast: when we enter a philosophical approach, our world appears more complex. Problems can arise in our everyday objects, and the possible solutions are never certain. From « La philosophie, although it is not able to give us with certainty the answer to the doubts that beset us, can still suggest possibilities that expand the field of our thought and deliver it from the tyranny of habit . [...]
[...] Conclusion : In conclusion, Russell's philosophical excerpt questions uncertainty in philosophy, demonstrating that it leads to the liberation of the mind and prejudices. Philosophy, by not providing definitive answers, questions what seems obvious. However, an opposing thesis shows that certainties are essential for stability in thought and action. These two theses lead to seeing the importance of a balance between the search for certainties and the philosophical spirit that allows us to question reality constantly. [...]
[...] », It's the idea that by questioning what seems obvious, we discover a new reality. This passage shows that philosophy allows us to see things from a new angle Finally, the last part begins at « It eliminates the slightly arrogant dogmatism of those who have never traveled the region of liberating doubt, and it keeps our sense of wonder intact by making us see familiar things from a new perspective. ». The author denounces people who refuse to open their minds and question their beliefs, while philosophy, on the other hand, frees us from this closed-mindedness by allowing us to constantly reinvent our world. [...]
