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[...] Factors of Development In the global competition, Brazil has a few significant comparative advantages, including a young, urbanized, increasingly educated population; an enviable energy self-sufficiency - thanks to its oil resources, hydroelectricity, and energy derived from biomass; and above all, abundant land available, thanks to the vastness of its territory.6 Government Policy: Economic Development Strategies The austerity measures, economic crisis, and structural changes made to social programs during the term of Lula's predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro (notably in the Bolsa Família cash transfer program)7 It has also increased inequalities and brought Brazil back onto the map of hunger - the list of the World Food Programme countries where at least of the population is facing severe food insecurity.8 Education and Labor: Challenges and Opportunities The constant sociopolitical changes and economic circumstances have been factors that have directly influenced the country's educational system. Given Brazil's decentralized educational structure, which places federal, state, and municipal bodies on an equal footing, establishing a national education system is complex. [...]
[...] Poverty has never been as high in Brazil as it was in 2021.12 Social and Political Challenges: Instability and Inequality Several obstacles exist at the heart of Brazilian society, poverty persists for a significant part of its population accompanied by insecurity and violence - which have required the reconquest by force by the Brazilian authorities, some favelas of Rio de Janeiro - and the worst of the stigmas, is the persistence of slavery in certain rural regions of the country. 13 In fact, despite contemporary forms, slavery still exists in certain rural regions of Brazil. Regions in which workers perform difficult tasks in inhumane conditions. Furthermore, they do not receive a salary and do not have the freedom to leave their 'work'. [...]
[...] The Portuguese then turned to the African slave trade to find labor. Several foreign powers were eager to appropriate the resources of Brazil. Having signed a treaty with Spain in 1494 to delimit the borders of the new lands between the two countries, Portugal did not have an agreement with the other countries: England, France, and the Netherlands. At the end of the 17th century, fabulous veins of emeralds, diamonds, and gold were discovered by the Portuguese in Minas Gerais. [...]
[...] Foreign Policy and Strategic Alliances Brazil advocates for solid partnerships to help solve the world's biggest problems, including climate change and deforestation, food security and inequality. Argentina is the third destination for Brazilian exports, behind China and the United States. The rest of South America is also important for Brazilian economic interests. Brazil seeks to deepen its relations with diverse actors such as China, the EU and its member states, the United States, Russia and India in the areas of trade, investment, security and technology, through alliances and 'strategic' partnerships of varying depth and impact. [...]
[...] Pedro made a giant step by proclaiming the independence of Brazil on September thus creating the Brazilian Empire. The emperors succeeded each other and it was Princess Isabelle, daughter of Pedro II, who officially put an end to slavery in 1888. Soon after, discontented landowners allied themselves with the army to bring an end to the monarchy, forcing the royal family to return to Portugal and founding the first republican government of Brazil on November 15, 1889. Several presidents succeeded each other but in 1960, there was no longer a cent in the country's coffers, despite the support of key sectors of the economy (such as the automotive industry) which were operating at full capacity. [...]
