Abstract
As it is argued by Raymond Hinnenbush, "The core periphery struggle over oil has been a dominant theme in the region's politics from the overthrow of Iran's Mossadeq to the formation of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to the second Gulf war." The discovery of oil in the Middle East in the 1950's has induced a shift in the development of the region and in the construction of the State. It has implied the development of an oil industry. Oil has turned into a "burning" issue since it has become the main source of energy scoring over coal or gas. Oil is a scarce resource that is found in the ground or under the sea, and that requires high technology and investments to extract and to refine. Therefore, though the sub-oil minerals are the property of the State, no country in the region had the ability to develop these resources.
