Abstract
Mozambique is, in the early 20th century, a very heterogeneous country. Without any linguistic, cultural or ethnic harmony, the only point that is common all over this southern African country turns out to be the Portuguese colonial power. However, after an intense liberation struggle, Mozambique became independent in June of 1975; the processes of gaining independence has been induced by, as well as has induced, nationalist movements in this diverse country. Therefore, what central aspects constitute the Mozambican nationalist movements? What is the historical background on which they are based? Moreover, what impact could the socialist discourse have had on the nationalist movements? My analysis will attempt to show that if the Mozambican nationalist movement appears as an isolated case within African decolonization it is due to the fact that it draws heavily from Socialist-Marxist discourses deeply eager to create a "new society".
