This document explores the regulation of gastric acidity, its mechanisms, and the consequences of excessive acidity. It delves into the physiology of gastric acidity, the anatomy and function of the stomach, and the factors influencing gastric acidity. It also discusses the available treatments and alternatives to proton pump inhibitors.
Extract
[...] Eczema or psoriasis can also be linked to hypo-acidity problems, as undigested proteins can pass into the bloodstream and trigger allergic reactions. In addition, phenomena of 'small intestinal bacterial overgrowth' are the consequence of malabsorption of carbohydrates in the intestine. Bacteria from the colon will then develop in the small intestine. It is associated with many diseases such as Addison's disease, asthma, chronic autoimmune diseases, urticaria . It can be due to several factors: - a deficiency in vitamins and minerals: mainly zinc, vitamin vitamin B6, iodine, chlorine, glutamine, or even animal vitamins; - to a bacterial infection of the esophagus; - at stress, fatigue, and age; - to the use of antacids (PPIs) that reduce hydrochloric secretion13,14. [...]
[...] The presentation will be structured around several parts focusing on the physiology of gastric acidity, the consequences of excessive acidity, a possible cause Hélicobacter Pylorion the available treatments and on the alternatives to proton pump inhibitors II. Physiology of Gastric Acidity A. Anatomy and Function of the Stomach This organ performs two main functions, which are digestion by mechanical action, i.e. churning or gastric motility, and the release of gastric juice. The pH of the stomach is acidic, ranging from 1.5 to 5. [...]
[...] On the other hand, it stimulates gastric secretion pathway The vagus nerve (parasympathetic mechanism). This nerve activates stomach cells through acetylcholine in response to various stimuli: food vision, smells, thoughts . It binds to M2 and M3 receptors of ECL cells and promotes the release of histamine. It can also bind to muscarinic receptors of parietal cells, which leads to the release of intracellular calcium to activate protein kinases and therefore proton pumps. Secretin, VIP (intestinal vasoactive protein), GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide) and CCK-PZ (Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin) duodenal digestive hormones also control the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. [...]
[...] The dysfunctions of gastric secretion are called hypo and hyper-gastric acidity or hyper-acid gastritis. Hypo-acidity of the stomach, also known as achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria, is a decrease in hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice. This phenomenon can be due to a decrease in the number of gastric mucosa cells or their atrophy. This decrease in acid can lead to a strong microbial growth in the stomach. It can also be due to a decrease in the secretion of parietal cells. [...]
[...] Factors influencing gastric acidity The gastric emptying is controlled by the duodenum. Many parameters influence the gastric emptying time and thus the gastric secretion, including8 : - food factors: the caloric content of the meal will directly affect the digestion time, a very caloric meal will take longer to be evacuated, in fact the evacuation rate is constant and close to 150 kcal/h. In addition, the larger the meal, the longer the gastric emptying will be9. In addition, the gastric secretion time will vary depending on the type of food. [...]
