Abstract
The Soviet Communist ideology which has ruled everything in the Soviet Union for decades was based on Marx's ideas, concepts as Dialectical Materialism. In this theory the world was in perpetual process of change, this through a dialectical movement which was made of conflict between the oppressed class and the oppressing class, the end of the process being the realization of Communism, a perfect world of freedom, equality….In this theory “only the material world, and particularly economic production, [had] reality, ideas being merely the reflection of things material.” Before considering ‘Soviet Literature', it is important to explain the two connotations of Soviet. Here Soviet would be considered in a territorial sense (a Soviet author is a citizen (or a former citizen) of the Union of Soviet and Socialist Republics). But it will also possess a more ideological connotation, as Soviet can be used to refer to someone or something in accordance with the (Communist) Party official ideology. Literature as any other arts were considered by the Communist Party (which headed the Soviet Government) as the best instrument for propaganda, diffusion of Soviet ideology, values, greatness….For these reasons many attention was paid to literary policies, as to anything linked to literary production. Notions and assumptions of the function of literature, of the arts, and the role of the artist, are quite different from those that are generally accepted in Western countries today.
