Postal services, European Parliament, Directive 97/67/EC, liberalization, universal service, reserved services, postal sector, competition, Community postal services, public service contracts, postal shipments, European Union, postal directives, network public services, telecommunications, energy, market opening, postal monopolies, transposition, domestic law, France, Germany, European convergences, postal salary, anti-competitive act, financial activities, postal activities, postal bank, sales force transfer, European directives, public works contracts, public supply contracts, service universal, Directive 2004/17/EC, Directive 2008/6/EC, postal packages, affordable prices, transparency, proportionality, authorization procedures
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Abstract
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Abstract
Analysis of the liberalization of postal services in Europe, focusing on the European Union directives and their transposition into domestic law in France and Germany.
Extract
[...] The degree of outsourcing is measured by the proportion of post offices managed by partners by ratio to the bureaux managed by the operator himself. Several types of partnerships have thus been concluded in Europe: in the form of franchising, partnerships with merchants or still in the form of public partnerships with municipal agencies. The most widespread model is that of partnership with the merchants. It's in fact for this type of partnership that Germany has opted for. The French Post has y has also resorted, but it associates it with municipal agencies. [...]
[...] En 1994, the Postreform II prepares the reorganization of the postal services and the privatization of the three entities born from the first reform. This will officially take place in 1995, the date on which the Deutsche Postbank and the Deutsche Post passed from a public establishment to a private enterprise status. This évolution a en revanche été strongly delayed in France. The retard accumulated was important car la most of the most European countries had by now and already started their" process of separation while the French Post had not yet carried out its separation with Telecommunications. [...]
[...] Incidentally,. [Consulted on 30 November 2018]. 29 Groupe La Poste, Press Release: Developments and diversifications within the Groupe La Poste, 29/10/2015 [online]. Available at : . [Consulted on 3 December 2018]. [...]
[...] of their operators national and notably those relevant you service postal universal. This technique exploits a legal loophole in the European directive and allows, as a result, to extend the monopoly of their historical operators8. The the second important element addressed in the directive European is that of reserved services and of their reduction progressive. The directive postale mentioned the reduction progressive des plafonds de poids des couriers relevant you domain reserved. 5 Marti, Michael, Michaël Schmidt, and Urs Springer, op.cit. [...]
[...] France and Germany have made two distinct choices. Germany a opted for the financing via the funds de compensation (Postreform III). The France has instead opted to finance the universal service through reserved services in the first place. Reserved services allow basic services to be protected from competition in order to to ensure that they will be provided to the population. The concepts of reserved services and of service postal universal ont were introduced in France by law of 25 June 1999 (article 19 L.1 and L.2) du code des posts and electronic communications (CPCE) but liberalization total sector in 2011 has significantly modified the situation in that the only and unique source of financing of service universal a disappeared6. [...]
