Abstract
The birth of State Treasury facilitated the creation of better conditions and possibilities for the organization of cash register execution accountancy of consolidated general budget components, especially regarding the collecting incomes, a better control on payments and also to increase effectiveness and the accuracy of received information. The treasury must become a leading institution in the financial line, through which it can administrate and manage the public funds better.
The concept of public treasury is an old concept, having its genealogy in antiquity, when, in order to fulfill diversified public needs, there were formed and administrated funds within special institutions and these institutions have become with time what we call today, the treasury.
Public treasury, as a concept in its evolution regarding organization, running and attributions in different phases of its history, has closely followed the development course of the socio-economic society. That is why the level of development and the complexity of financial operations that are performed by the public treasuries in different countries of the world depend on the level of development for that country's economy, the ratio of state's intervention in that economy and the abundance or the poorness of resources in public finances that they have to manage.
The evolution of State Treasury in Romania:
The organization of State Treasury in Romania, started in 1993, was based on the background of profound transformations in political, economic and social layouts, determined by the transition of Romanian economy towards the competitive market economy.
According to the Government Emergency Ordinance no 146 of November 2002, State Treasury is defined as being "an unitary and integrated system through which the state assures the execution of collections and payments regarding public funds, including the ones regarding public debt, and for other operations of the state, in safety conditions in accordance with the effectual legal dispositions".
In modern economy, respecting the autonomy and organizational unification principles, and the liability of operations through the detachment of rights and responsibilities for credit's sequencers and the accountants, during the process of diversifying the function and attributions of the Treasury, the state has entrusted to it duties and particular actions regarding its intervention in the economy.
According to Ordinance no 1235 of September 19th 2003, "public institutions, regardless the financing and subordination, perform the operations of collections and payments through State Treasury units where they are fiscally registered". Accordingly, for local and central public institutions, the State Treasury effectuates operations of offsets with and without cash in the case of constitutional and use of public resources.
