Critically assess the extent to which the Court of Justice of the European Union, through its interpretation of EU law, has struck an appropriate balance between the need to respect single market objectives
Case study - 5 pages - European union
European integration was always conveyed by economic motives. The European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, and the European Union (EU) were founded by economic interests. Since the European Union is a sui generis organisation and is also founded by the law, those...
Is there a right to health in Europe?
Thesis - 4 pages - Social, moral & civic education
In opinion surveys, European citizens put health, that is to say, the protection against risks of illness, at the peak of their concern. However, health is not defined in terms of European law. The European Commission has just recommended harmonization, without specifying what could be the...
French language as a tool for trade facilitation in West Africa
Essay - 7 pages - Economy general
The French language is important for trade relations. In the case of ECOWAS, no study has been undertaken to establish this to facilitate trade. ECOWAS is one of the economic blocs in West Africa which was founded on May 28, 1975, in order to promote cooperation and integration among West African...
The reasons for the rejection of the Irish by the treaty of Lisbon
Essay - 8 pages - European union
A blow to Europe was delivered on June 12, 2008, with Ireland handing an emphatic "no" to the Lisbon Treaty which had won over 53.4% of voters. Ireland was the only member of the European Union to hold a referendum on this issue. A referendum is a procedure that allows all citizens of a...
Applied Investment - Financial and Economic Context
Case study - 10 pages - Finance
Every single investor is interested in maximizing investment returns while simultaneously minimizing risk subjected to the investment. Consequently, investors prefer committing their resources in receptive economic systems free from uncertainties that may hamper their anticipated returns. In...
Has British public policy been Europeanised in the period since 1973?
Essay - 6 pages - Journalism
As Johan Olsen affirms ““Europeanization” is a fashionable but contested concept.” This term indeed occupies a lot of space in all studies about the European Union and more specifically about the domestic changes incurred by the member states through the...
The European citizenship
Essay - 3 pages - European union
According to the European Commission, “citizenship of the Union is both a source of legitimation of the process of European integration, by reinforcing the participation of citizens, and a fundamental factor in the creation among citizens of a sense of belonging to the European Union and of...
International dispute resolution
Case study - 3 pages - Other law subjects
No arbitrator shall be of the nationality of the place of incorporation or principal place of business of any of the parties or their shareholders. For the purpose of this Article, a person who is a citizen of two or more States shall be treated as a national of each state; and...
Economic protectionism: A continental comparison
Thesis - 6 pages - Economy general
Abstract: This paper analyses some of the occurrences of economic protectionism against M&A in Europe and North America. It attempts to rationalise the protectionist actions taken by countries within these continents by linking the causes of protectionism to the current wider issues in...
Jean-Claude Junker's vision for the European Union: the first steps towards federal integration?
Essay - 8 pages - European union
In his 2017 White Paper, Jean-Claude Junker, president of the European Commission, proposes five possible scenarios concerning the European Union's future after Britain's definite departure in 2019. These scenarios range from "nothing but the single market" -- where the Union is...
EU enlargement (past and present) has arguably been a real achievement of the integration project but how far can the EU enlarge and will any potential problems outweigh the advantages?
Internship report - 7 pages - European union
‘EU enlargement generally means increasing the size of the Union by incorporating additional members. This is a process that can take a number of years, as the candidate states attempt to align their economy and regulatory structures to those agreed to by the existing...
How adequate is the question of sovereignty in the political disputes within Britain about the desirability of joining the European communities? (1945-1973)
Essay - 7 pages - Political science
Britain was one of the first countries to imagine a European grouping after the Second World War. In Zurich, on 19 September 1946, Churchill called for a 'United States of Europe', which would be based on cooperation between France and Germany. Yet he saw no place for Britain in...
Are IFRS standards beneficial to the French companies?
Dissertation - 46 pages - Accounting
Multiple accounting policy discrepancies have raised awareness that a solution should be found to harmonize and unify accounting standards. Thus, in 1973, ten countries got together to try to respond favorably to this issue and they established the IASC (International Accounting Standards...
The European Union and national sovereignty
Essay - 3 pages - European union
The birth of the modern sovereign state is usually associated with the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, after which modern nation-states began to constitute in Europe. Today, some scholars argue that state sovereignty has been challenged by trends such as globalization and European...
Why has the European Court of Justice been so central to the process of integration?
Thesis - 10 pages - European union
“Law is often still treated as if it were a separate field, clearly distinct from the economic or political spheres” . As the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has never been given a lot of media coverage, most of the time, its role in the integration process is either disregarded or...
The European Union
Tutorials/exercises - 11 pages - European union
The European Union, which formed under this name in 1992, currently consists of 25 nations and covers much of Western Europe. The European Union is an enormous organization that was initially created to maintain peace and security between European states through various political and...
The European union's development policy toward Africa
Essay - 5 pages - European union
On December 8th and 9th 2007 the summit of African and European leaders has hold in Lisbon. It is the second ever Summit between heads of states and governments from EU and Africa after the Cairo Summit in 2000. The 52 countries of the African Union, the 27 European member...
Legitimacy & efficiency inside the security council
Thesis - 17 pages - International law
When the idea of a potential world organization first emerged in 1943, arbitration was soon to be made between maintaining effective power within the scope of a few powers, and the necessity to gain the support from small and medium States. The only possible answer to this dilemma was to...
A Nordic identity in the European security structure?
Essay - 10 pages - European union
The 3rd and 4th December 1998, the President of French Republic Jacques Chirac and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair met in Saint Malo. Both maintained the necessity to give Europe the ability of autonomous action concerning security and defence. This statement comes within the framework of...
Millennium development goals of the United Nations
Essay - 6 pages - International relations
In 2002, 191 United Nations member states signed the United Nations Millennium Declaration, unanimously agreeing to eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The momentum and inspiration behind this occasion was strong, heads of state were agreeing to a global dream that...
The European neighborhood policy
Thesis - 5 pages - European union
In this essay I will deal with the European Neighborhood Policy, through a general overview of what this policy consists in. The most useful source that was used to elaborate on this subject is the website of the European Commission, which is one of the major players in the implementation of the...
Bulgaria in the European Union: A framework (proposal) of the dissertation
Essay - 2 pages - European union
Bulgaria joined the European Union in 2007 - shortly before the world was hit by the global financial and economic crisis. The situation turned into an unprecedented challenge for the new Member State. The aim of this dissertation is to provide us with sufficient information about...
How does the European Commission foster the integration of the energy market?
Thesis - 5 pages - European union
The European Union (UE) proves to be an efficient exporting actor for the goods and services market. However, its capital account remains negative in the energy market. UE's growing dependency on gas and electricity suppliers is becoming an economic and strategic weakness for the business...
The role of the ECJ's (European Court of Justice) : the consumer who is reasonably well-informed and reasonably observant and circumspect
Essay - 14 pages - European law
The legal term of the “average consumer” was created by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to protect the average consumer against unfair commercial practises. After the Second War World, many states were indeed inspired by Keynes's theory that aimed at division of resources...
European Union (EU) Law - Power sharing and EU institutions
Course material - 2 pages - European law
The document broaches the subject of European Union law. It delves into how power is shared between member states and institutions, and describes the institutional structure of the EU.
EU and the 21st century challenges: Energy and environment
Thesis - 6 pages - European union
Stavros Dimas, Commissioner for Environment opined that though in recent times, Europe has made considerable progress in cleaning the air that we breathe; air pollution remains a serious problem and continues to damage our health and the environment. The results of a poll published in March,...
The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
Worksheets - 3 pages - European law
It is only with the European Council acting by qualified majority and the concurrence of the President of the European Commission that the High Representative is appointed. Art 18 TEU states that the High Representative shall implement the common foreign and security policy of the Union....
Critically evaluate the institutional reforms enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty
Case study - 5 pages - Political science
Signed in 2007 and entered in force in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon is in fact the combination of two pieces of legislation. The first one is a new version for the Treaty of the European Union (TEU). The second one is a replacement of the former Treaty of the European Community (TEC) to the new...
Role and Impact of UNHCR in Afghanistan-Pakistan
Case study - 13 pages - Educational studies
The primary input of international organizations (IOs) in global governance exists in the belief that they are effective centers operating on a common agenda to promote democratic governance and foster cooperation amongst member states in developing common solutions. (IOs) roles...
European integration process and its influence for business: Case of Danone
Thesis - 18 pages - Business strategy
Within the last decades, globalization has changed the face of the world with a shift from ‘nationalism and protectionism' to the idea of a ‘global village'. A new world economic order emerged and the regional and multinational trade agreements and free trade areas played a key role in...
