Abstract
As defined by the Encyclopedia, a role, in the sociological sense, is a set of connected behaviors, rights and obligations as conceptualized by the actors in a social situation. It is an expected behavior in a given individual social status and social position. Since the 18th century, the justification for the masculine hierarchy over the feminine gender was part of the order of nature. These are especially the feminist struggles and their problems have led companies to consider the different roles that men and women can play in society. From this period, the sociological studies of gender relations and roles have grown. For years, the point of view that has dominated sociology in this area was a functionalist perspective. For example, with Parsons, who 'naturalized' gender difference, assigning the 'private sphere' and the function of education to women and reserving the public and professional sphere to men. If such studies have primarily focused on women, it now appears that the emancipation and transformation of social roles of each lead to a reconfiguration of the other, that is to say men. Is the commitment to children specifically for mothers? Does working, as has long been evoked, the main factor of masculine identities?
